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A comparison between neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cross-sectional CNS imaging, and infectious disease testing in 168 dogs with infectious or immune-mediated meningoencephalomyelitis from Brazil

This retrospective study evaluated canine patients with presumptively diagnosed meningoencephalomyelitis (ME) based on neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, cross-sectional imaging, and infectious disease testing with a limited neurological-focused polymerase chain reactio...

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Autores principales: Bach, Fernando Swiech, Cray, Carolyn, Burgos, Ana Paula, Junior, José Ademar Villanova, Montiani-Ferreira, Fabiano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630916/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38026652
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1239106
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author Bach, Fernando Swiech
Cray, Carolyn
Burgos, Ana Paula
Junior, José Ademar Villanova
Montiani-Ferreira, Fabiano
author_facet Bach, Fernando Swiech
Cray, Carolyn
Burgos, Ana Paula
Junior, José Ademar Villanova
Montiani-Ferreira, Fabiano
author_sort Bach, Fernando Swiech
collection PubMed
description This retrospective study evaluated canine patients with presumptively diagnosed meningoencephalomyelitis (ME) based on neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, cross-sectional imaging, and infectious disease testing with a limited neurological-focused polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel performed on blood and CSF. The first goal was to determine the proportion of dogs where the condition was caused by an infectious agent versus a probable immune-mediated etiology (i.e., meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin; MUO) in our geographic region. The secondary goals of this study were to examine and define associations between abnormal CSF test results and cross-sectional neuroimaging findings, in addition to defining the age and most common neurological clinical signs in each group of ME. A total of 168 dogs matched the inclusion criteria with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed in 130 dogs and computed tomography (CT) performed in 38 dogs. Presumptive MUO was observed in 152/168 (90.5%) of dogs and infectious ME was identified in 16/168 (9.5%) of dogs (p < 0.0001). Canine distemper virus (CDV) was the most common cause of infectious ME in 10/16 dogs (62.5%). Of the total cases with a positive infectious disease result, 3/16 (18.7%) had normal CSF results and 13/16 (81.3%) had abnormal CSF results (p = 0.0078). MRI and CT abnormalities in the brain were detected in 74 and 39% of dogs with inflammatory CSF, respectively. MRI and CT abnormalities in the spinal cord were detected in 90 and 57% of dogs with inflammatory CSF results, respectively. Age was not significantly different between infectious ME and presumptive MUO groups (p = 0.15). Seizures were the most common clinical sign reported for both MUO (36.8% of cases) and infectious ME (31.2% of cases). In conclusion, presumptive MUO is significantly more common than infectious ME in this population of dogs. Furthermore, although normal CSF results were uncommon in dogs with infectious ME, this finding occurred in several patients (3/16), suggesting that infectious disease testing should be considered even in the face of normal CSF results. Finally, MRI was more sensitive than CT in the detection of abnormalities when dogs with ME had inflammatory CSF results but was not 100% sensitive, suggesting CSF analysis should be performed to rule out inflammation even when no abnormalities are detected on MRI or CT.
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spelling pubmed-106309162023-01-01 A comparison between neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cross-sectional CNS imaging, and infectious disease testing in 168 dogs with infectious or immune-mediated meningoencephalomyelitis from Brazil Bach, Fernando Swiech Cray, Carolyn Burgos, Ana Paula Junior, José Ademar Villanova Montiani-Ferreira, Fabiano Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science This retrospective study evaluated canine patients with presumptively diagnosed meningoencephalomyelitis (ME) based on neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, cross-sectional imaging, and infectious disease testing with a limited neurological-focused polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel performed on blood and CSF. The first goal was to determine the proportion of dogs where the condition was caused by an infectious agent versus a probable immune-mediated etiology (i.e., meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin; MUO) in our geographic region. The secondary goals of this study were to examine and define associations between abnormal CSF test results and cross-sectional neuroimaging findings, in addition to defining the age and most common neurological clinical signs in each group of ME. A total of 168 dogs matched the inclusion criteria with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed in 130 dogs and computed tomography (CT) performed in 38 dogs. Presumptive MUO was observed in 152/168 (90.5%) of dogs and infectious ME was identified in 16/168 (9.5%) of dogs (p < 0.0001). Canine distemper virus (CDV) was the most common cause of infectious ME in 10/16 dogs (62.5%). Of the total cases with a positive infectious disease result, 3/16 (18.7%) had normal CSF results and 13/16 (81.3%) had abnormal CSF results (p = 0.0078). MRI and CT abnormalities in the brain were detected in 74 and 39% of dogs with inflammatory CSF, respectively. MRI and CT abnormalities in the spinal cord were detected in 90 and 57% of dogs with inflammatory CSF results, respectively. Age was not significantly different between infectious ME and presumptive MUO groups (p = 0.15). Seizures were the most common clinical sign reported for both MUO (36.8% of cases) and infectious ME (31.2% of cases). In conclusion, presumptive MUO is significantly more common than infectious ME in this population of dogs. Furthermore, although normal CSF results were uncommon in dogs with infectious ME, this finding occurred in several patients (3/16), suggesting that infectious disease testing should be considered even in the face of normal CSF results. Finally, MRI was more sensitive than CT in the detection of abnormalities when dogs with ME had inflammatory CSF results but was not 100% sensitive, suggesting CSF analysis should be performed to rule out inflammation even when no abnormalities are detected on MRI or CT. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10630916/ /pubmed/38026652 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1239106 Text en Copyright © 2023 Bach, Cray, Burgos, Junior and Montiani-Ferreira. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Bach, Fernando Swiech
Cray, Carolyn
Burgos, Ana Paula
Junior, José Ademar Villanova
Montiani-Ferreira, Fabiano
A comparison between neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cross-sectional CNS imaging, and infectious disease testing in 168 dogs with infectious or immune-mediated meningoencephalomyelitis from Brazil
title A comparison between neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cross-sectional CNS imaging, and infectious disease testing in 168 dogs with infectious or immune-mediated meningoencephalomyelitis from Brazil
title_full A comparison between neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cross-sectional CNS imaging, and infectious disease testing in 168 dogs with infectious or immune-mediated meningoencephalomyelitis from Brazil
title_fullStr A comparison between neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cross-sectional CNS imaging, and infectious disease testing in 168 dogs with infectious or immune-mediated meningoencephalomyelitis from Brazil
title_full_unstemmed A comparison between neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cross-sectional CNS imaging, and infectious disease testing in 168 dogs with infectious or immune-mediated meningoencephalomyelitis from Brazil
title_short A comparison between neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cross-sectional CNS imaging, and infectious disease testing in 168 dogs with infectious or immune-mediated meningoencephalomyelitis from Brazil
title_sort comparison between neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cross-sectional cns imaging, and infectious disease testing in 168 dogs with infectious or immune-mediated meningoencephalomyelitis from brazil
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630916/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38026652
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1239106
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