Comparing Feedback Techniques in Bilobe Flap Simulation Using 3D‐Printed Facial Models

OBJECTIVE: To compare live versus delayed feedback on trainee performance of bilobe flaps using 3‐dimensional (3D)‐printed facial simulators and determine whether these effects are sustained on repeat performance. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. METHODS: 3D‐printed facial models with a nasal ala defect were provided to 18 subjects. Subjects were stratified and randomized based on their training level into 1 of 3 groups corresponding to live feedback (Group 1), delayed feedback (Group 2), and no feedback (Group 3). Subjects performed a bilobe flap following a structured lecture. Four weeks later, subjects independently repeated the exercise on the contralateral ala. Likert surveys were used to assess subjective parameters. Objective grading was performed by a plastic surgeon, which included a point system and score for the overall appearance. RESULTS: Following exercise 1, Group 1 reported a significant improvement in knowledge (P < .001), which was sustained after exercise 2 (P < .001); Group 2 reported a significant improvement after exercise 1 (P = .03) but was not sustained (P = .435). After the second exercise, Group 1 and Group 2 improved their confidence in bilobed repair (P = .001 and P = .003, respectively), but this was greater for Group 1. Group 1 showed a significant improvement in their design time following exercise 2 (P = .007). There were no significant differences between groups on total time for repair, total score, and appearance. CONCLUSION: 3D‐printed models are valuable in teaching the bilobe flap for nasal defects, with live feedback providing the greatest level of improvement in self‐reported knowledge and confidence.