Differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among US nursing home residents with heart failure according to sex and type of heart failure

BACKGROUND: Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are leading cause of death throughout the world. Few recent studies have, however, examined possible sex and type of heart failure (HFpEF, HFrEF, and unspecified/other heart failure) differences in the prevalence of these chronic conditions among nursing home residents. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to examine the magnitude of concomitant COPD and differences according to sex and heart failure type, in terms of the prevalence of COPD among nursing home residents with heart failure. METHODS: The principal study outcomes were examined in a cross‐sectional study of 97 495 US nursing home residents with heart failure using the 2018 Minimum Data Set. The diagnoses of heart failure and COPD were operationalized through a review of nursing home admission, progress notes, and physical examination findings. RESULTS: The average age of this study population was 81.3 ± 11.0 years, 67.3% were women, and 53.8% had COPD. A slightly higher prevalence of COPD was found among men than women. A higher proportion of unspecified heart failure type was found in both men and women, than reduced and preserved ejection fractions, respectively. In both men and women, there was a higher prevalence of COPD among those with various chronic conditions and current tobacco users. CONCLUSIONS: COPD is highly prevalent among medically complex middle‐aged and older nursing home residents with heart failure. Future research should focus on increasing our understanding of factors that influence the risk and optimal management of COPD and heart failure to improve the quality of life for nursing home residents.