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Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance

Metacognition refers to a capacity to reflect on and control other cognitive processes, commonly quantified as the extent to which confidence tracks objective performance. There is conflicting evidence about how “local” metacognition (monitoring of individual judgments) and “global” metacognition (e...

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Autores principales: McWilliams, Andrew, Bibby, Hannah, Steinbeis, Nikolaus, David, Anthony S., Fleming, Stephen M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36764048
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105389
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author McWilliams, Andrew
Bibby, Hannah
Steinbeis, Nikolaus
David, Anthony S.
Fleming, Stephen M.
author_facet McWilliams, Andrew
Bibby, Hannah
Steinbeis, Nikolaus
David, Anthony S.
Fleming, Stephen M.
author_sort McWilliams, Andrew
collection PubMed
description Metacognition refers to a capacity to reflect on and control other cognitive processes, commonly quantified as the extent to which confidence tracks objective performance. There is conflicting evidence about how “local” metacognition (monitoring of individual judgments) and “global” metacognition (estimates of self-performance) change across the lifespan. Additionally, the degree to which metacognition generalises across cognitive domains may itself change with age due to increased experience with one's own abilities. Using a gamified suite of performance-controlled memory and visual perception tasks, we measured local and global metacognition in an age-stratified sample of 304 healthy volunteers (18–83 years; N = 50 in each of 6 age groups). We calculated both local and global metrics of metacognition and quantified how and whether domain-generality changes with age. First-order task performance was stable across the age range. People's global self-performance estimates and local metacognitive bias decreased with age, indicating overall lower confidence in performance. In contrast, local metacognitive efficiency was spared in older age and remained correlated across the two cognitive domains. A stability of local metacognition indicates distinct mechanisms contributing to local and global metacognition. Our study reveals how local and global metacognition change across the lifespan and provide a benchmark against which disease-related changes in metacognition can be compared.
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spelling pubmed-106326792023-11-15 Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance McWilliams, Andrew Bibby, Hannah Steinbeis, Nikolaus David, Anthony S. Fleming, Stephen M. Cognition Article Metacognition refers to a capacity to reflect on and control other cognitive processes, commonly quantified as the extent to which confidence tracks objective performance. There is conflicting evidence about how “local” metacognition (monitoring of individual judgments) and “global” metacognition (estimates of self-performance) change across the lifespan. Additionally, the degree to which metacognition generalises across cognitive domains may itself change with age due to increased experience with one's own abilities. Using a gamified suite of performance-controlled memory and visual perception tasks, we measured local and global metacognition in an age-stratified sample of 304 healthy volunteers (18–83 years; N = 50 in each of 6 age groups). We calculated both local and global metrics of metacognition and quantified how and whether domain-generality changes with age. First-order task performance was stable across the age range. People's global self-performance estimates and local metacognitive bias decreased with age, indicating overall lower confidence in performance. In contrast, local metacognitive efficiency was spared in older age and remained correlated across the two cognitive domains. A stability of local metacognition indicates distinct mechanisms contributing to local and global metacognition. Our study reveals how local and global metacognition change across the lifespan and provide a benchmark against which disease-related changes in metacognition can be compared. Elsevier 2023-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10632679/ /pubmed/36764048 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105389 Text en © 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
McWilliams, Andrew
Bibby, Hannah
Steinbeis, Nikolaus
David, Anthony S.
Fleming, Stephen M.
Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance
title Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance
title_full Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance
title_fullStr Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance
title_full_unstemmed Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance
title_short Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance
title_sort age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36764048
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105389
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