Phytosynthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Saccharum arundinaceum (Hardy Sugar Cane), Their Characterizations, Antiglycation, and Cytotoxic Activities

[Image: see text] The goal of the current study is to achieve plant-mediated synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe(2)O(3) NPs). The plant extract of Saccharum arundinaceum was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of Fe(2)O(3) NPs. Different techniques such as energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) were used to characterize the synthesis of Fe(2)O(3) NPs. UV–visible spectroscopy verified the synthesis of Fe(2)O(3) NPs using a surface plasmon resonance peak at a wavelength of 370 nm. SEM analysis specifies the spherical morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles with a size range between 30 and 70 nm. The reducing and capping materials of Fe(2)O(3) NPs were revealed by FT-IR analysis based on functional group identification. The plant extract contained essential functional groups, such as C–H, C–O, N–H, −CH(2), and −OH, that facilitate the green synthesis of Fe(2)O(3) NPs. The EDX analysis detected the atomic percentage with the elemental composition of Fe(2)O(3) NPs, while the XRD pattern demonstrated the crystallinity of Fe(2)O(3) NPs. Furthermore, the synthesized Fe(2)O(3) NPs showed potential antiglycation activity under in vitro conditions, which was confirmed by the efficient zone of inhibition on glycation of bovine serum albumin/glucose (BSA-glucose) in the order <100 < 500 < 1000 μg/mL, which revealed that Fe(2)O(3) NPs showed significant antiglycation activity. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity against brain glioblastoma cells was assessed using the MTT assay, which exhibited diminished cytotoxic activity at concentrations lower than 300 μg/mL. Thus, we assumed that the resulting Fe(2)O(3) NPs are a good option for use in drug delivery and cancer treatments.