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Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development

Despite the success of global vaccination programs in slowing the spread of COVID-19, these efforts have been hindered by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains capable of evading prior immunity. The mutation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have created a demand for persistent efforts in vaccine develo...

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Autores principales: Magazine, Nicholas, Zhang, Tianyi, Bungwon, Anang D., McGee, Michael C., Wu, Yingying, Veggiani, Gianluca, Huang, Weishan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10634854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37961687
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.26.564184
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author Magazine, Nicholas
Zhang, Tianyi
Bungwon, Anang D.
McGee, Michael C.
Wu, Yingying
Veggiani, Gianluca
Huang, Weishan
author_facet Magazine, Nicholas
Zhang, Tianyi
Bungwon, Anang D.
McGee, Michael C.
Wu, Yingying
Veggiani, Gianluca
Huang, Weishan
author_sort Magazine, Nicholas
collection PubMed
description Despite the success of global vaccination programs in slowing the spread of COVID-19, these efforts have been hindered by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains capable of evading prior immunity. The mutation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have created a demand for persistent efforts in vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein has been the primary target for COVID-19 vaccine development, but it is also the hotspot of mutations directly involved in host susceptibility and immune evasion. Our ability to predict emerging mutants and select conserved epitopes is critical for the development of a broadly neutralizing therapy or a universal vaccine. In this article, we review the general paradigm of immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, highlighting the immunological epitopes of Spike protein that are likely associated with eliciting protective immunity resulting from vaccination. Specifically, we analyze the structural and evolutionary characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein related to immune activation and function via the toll-like receptors (TLRs), B cells, and T cells. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of immune epitopes of Spike protein, thereby contributing to the development of new strategies for broad neutralization or universal vaccination.
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spelling pubmed-106348542023-11-13 Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development Magazine, Nicholas Zhang, Tianyi Bungwon, Anang D. McGee, Michael C. Wu, Yingying Veggiani, Gianluca Huang, Weishan bioRxiv Article Despite the success of global vaccination programs in slowing the spread of COVID-19, these efforts have been hindered by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains capable of evading prior immunity. The mutation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have created a demand for persistent efforts in vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein has been the primary target for COVID-19 vaccine development, but it is also the hotspot of mutations directly involved in host susceptibility and immune evasion. Our ability to predict emerging mutants and select conserved epitopes is critical for the development of a broadly neutralizing therapy or a universal vaccine. In this article, we review the general paradigm of immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, highlighting the immunological epitopes of Spike protein that are likely associated with eliciting protective immunity resulting from vaccination. Specifically, we analyze the structural and evolutionary characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein related to immune activation and function via the toll-like receptors (TLRs), B cells, and T cells. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of immune epitopes of Spike protein, thereby contributing to the development of new strategies for broad neutralization or universal vaccination. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2023-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10634854/ /pubmed/37961687 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.26.564184 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.
spellingShingle Article
Magazine, Nicholas
Zhang, Tianyi
Bungwon, Anang D.
McGee, Michael C.
Wu, Yingying
Veggiani, Gianluca
Huang, Weishan
Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development
title Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development
title_full Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development
title_fullStr Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development
title_full_unstemmed Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development
title_short Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development
title_sort immune epitopes of sars-cov-2 spike protein and considerations for universal vaccine development
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10634854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37961687
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.26.564184
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