Bacterial production of ciprofloxacin and potential usage as a radiotracer

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics have increased in prevalence, necessitating new methods for their diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of synthetic ciprofloxacin to that of organic ciprofloxacin produced by cave microorganisms, as well as to evaluate the feasibility of using organic ciprofloxacin radiolabeled with technetium-99m as an imaging agent. Organic ciprofloxacin produced by cave bacteria isolated from sediment taken from the dark zone of Antalya’s "Yark Sinkhole," (Turkey’s 14(th) deepest cave), was purified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Purified organic ciprofloxacin and standard ciprofloxacin were radiolabeled with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc), and their uptake by pathogenic microorganisms as well as potential as an imaging agent were examined. According to thin-layer radiochromatography, radiolabeling efficiencies were 98.99 ± 0.34 (n = 7) and 91.25 ± 1.84 (n = 7) for radiolabeled organic ciprofloxacin and standard ciprofloxacin respectively. The binding efficiency of radiolabeled organic ciprofloxacin at the 240(th) minute was higher compared with radiolabeled standard ciprofloxacin, especially with P.aeruginosa, MRSA, VRE and E.coli. The results demonstrate that radiolabeling with (99m)Tc does not alter the biological behavior of organic ciprofloxacin, and radiolabeled organic ciprofloxacin has potential as an imaging agent for the detection of bacterial infection. The original value of the study is the monitoring of the antibiofilm effects of untouched cave-derived organic antibiotics by radiolabeling with a radionuclide.