Metabolomic profiles associated with physical activity in White and African American adult men

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is associated with various health benefits, especially in improving chronic health conditions. However, the metabolic changes in host metabolism in response to PA remain unclear, especially in racially/ethnically diverse populations. OBJECTIVE: This study is to assess the metabolic profiles associated with the frequency of PA in White and African American (AA) men. METHODS: Using the untargeted metabolomics data collected from 698 White and AA participants (mean age: 38.0±8.0, age range: 20–50) from the Louisiana Osteoporosis Study (LOS), we conducted linear regression models to examine metabolites that are associated with PA levels (assessed by self-reported regular exercise frequency levels: 0, 1–2, and ≥3 times per week) in White and AA men, respectively, as well as in the pooled sample. Covariates considered for statistical adjustments included race (only for the pooled sample), age, BMI, waist circumstance, smoking status, and alcohol drinking. RESULTS: Of the 1133 untargeted compounds, we identified 7 metabolites associated with PA levels in the pooled sample after covariate adjustment with a false discovery rate of 0.15. Specifically, compared to participants who did not exercise, those who exercised at a frequency ≥3 times/week showed higher abundances in uracil, orotate, 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-oleoyl-GPE (P-16:0/18:1) (GPE), threonate, and glycerate, but lower abundances in salicyluric glucuronide and adenine in the pooled sample. However, in Whites, salicyluric glucuronide and orotate were not significant. Adenine, GPE, and threonate were not significant in AAs. In addition, the seven metabolites were not significantly different between participants who exercised ≥3 times/week and 1–2 times/week, nor significantly different between participants with 1–2 times/week and 0/week in the pooled sample and respective White and AA groups. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolite responses to PA are dose sensitive and may differ between White and AA populations. The identified metabolites may help advance our knowledge of guiding precision PA interventions. Studies with rigorous study designs are warranted to elucidate the relationship between PA and metabolites.