Polarization-insensitive Archimedes’-spiral-shaped ultrathin metamaterial absorbers for microwave sensing application

This work has developed and simulated a planar complementary Archimedes-based metamaterial absorber with the goal of its application in refractive index sensing. Unlike designs that employ multiple layers or numerous resonators within a single unit cell, our proposed absorber adopts a more streamlined approach. It consists of three layers, with an FR4 dielectric substrate sandwiched between two copper layers. It's important to note that the absorption characteristics of this design are polarization-dependent. This polarization dependence arises from the asymmetrical resonance behavior observed in both the x and y directions. The absorber exhibits impressive absorption rates at various resonance frequencies, namely 98.5% at f(1) = 8.49 GHz, 77.1% at f(2) = 8.88 GHz, 88.7% at f(3) = 9.3 GHz, 98.2% at f(4) = 9.87 GHz, 99.7% at f(5) = 10.65 GHz, 83.4% at f(6) = 11.58 GHz, and 99.9% at f(7) = 12.24 GHz. Furthermore, the article explored the refractive index sensing capabilities of this structure by introducing a 1 mm analyte layer on top of the patch structure. Through refractive index sensing analysis, we've determined that this absorber-based sensor yields an impressive high-quality factor value of 84.5, highlighting its remarkable sensitivity and precision. A more profound comprehension of the physical mechanisms in action has been attained by examining the distribution of surface currents. Furthermore, the behavior of the absorber has been investigated under varying polarization and incident angle conditions, ranging from zero degrees to sixty degrees. The thorough characterization establishes this absorber as a promising choice for microwave sensing applications.