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Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units

The surface coatings of cereal plants are dominated by waxy β-diketones crucial for drought resistance and, therefore, grain yield. Here, barley (Hordeum vulgare) wax analyses reveal β-diketone and associated 2-alkanol ester profiles suggesting a common C(16) 3-ketoacid precursor. Isotope analysis f...

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Autores principales: Sun, Yulin, Ruiz Orduna, Alberto, Zhang, Zhonghang, Feakins, Sarah J., Jetter, Reinhard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10638390/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37949901
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42917-9
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author Sun, Yulin
Ruiz Orduna, Alberto
Zhang, Zhonghang
Feakins, Sarah J.
Jetter, Reinhard
author_facet Sun, Yulin
Ruiz Orduna, Alberto
Zhang, Zhonghang
Feakins, Sarah J.
Jetter, Reinhard
author_sort Sun, Yulin
collection PubMed
description The surface coatings of cereal plants are dominated by waxy β-diketones crucial for drought resistance and, therefore, grain yield. Here, barley (Hordeum vulgare) wax analyses reveal β-diketone and associated 2-alkanol ester profiles suggesting a common C(16) 3-ketoacid precursor. Isotope analysis further shows that the major (C(31)) diketone is synthesized from two plastidial C(16) acyl units. Previous studies identified a gene cluster encoding enzymes responsible for β-diketone formation in barley, but left their biochemical functions unknown. Various assays now characterize one of these enzymes as a thioesterase producing long-chain (mainly C(16)) 3-ketoacids, and another one as a polyketide synthase (PKS) condensing the 3-ketoacids with long-chain (mainly C(16)) acyl-CoAs into β-diketones. The two enzymes are localized to the plastids and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), respectively, implying substrate transfer between these two sub-cellular compartments. Overall, our findings define a two-step pathway involving an unprecedented PKS reaction leading directly to the β-diketone products.
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spelling pubmed-106383902023-11-11 Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units Sun, Yulin Ruiz Orduna, Alberto Zhang, Zhonghang Feakins, Sarah J. Jetter, Reinhard Nat Commun Article The surface coatings of cereal plants are dominated by waxy β-diketones crucial for drought resistance and, therefore, grain yield. Here, barley (Hordeum vulgare) wax analyses reveal β-diketone and associated 2-alkanol ester profiles suggesting a common C(16) 3-ketoacid precursor. Isotope analysis further shows that the major (C(31)) diketone is synthesized from two plastidial C(16) acyl units. Previous studies identified a gene cluster encoding enzymes responsible for β-diketone formation in barley, but left their biochemical functions unknown. Various assays now characterize one of these enzymes as a thioesterase producing long-chain (mainly C(16)) 3-ketoacids, and another one as a polyketide synthase (PKS) condensing the 3-ketoacids with long-chain (mainly C(16)) acyl-CoAs into β-diketones. The two enzymes are localized to the plastids and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), respectively, implying substrate transfer between these two sub-cellular compartments. Overall, our findings define a two-step pathway involving an unprecedented PKS reaction leading directly to the β-diketone products. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10638390/ /pubmed/37949901 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42917-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Sun, Yulin
Ruiz Orduna, Alberto
Zhang, Zhonghang
Feakins, Sarah J.
Jetter, Reinhard
Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units
title Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units
title_full Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units
title_fullStr Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units
title_full_unstemmed Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units
title_short Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units
title_sort biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-iii polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10638390/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37949901
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42917-9
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