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Perceived Interpersonal Racism and Incident Stroke Among US Black Women

IMPORTANCE: Black individuals in the US experience stroke and stroke-related mortality at younger ages and more frequently than other racial groups. Studies examining the prospective association of interpersonal racism with stroke are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of perceived inter...

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Autores principales: Sheehy, Shanshan, Aparicio, Hugo J., Palmer, Julie R., Cozier, Yvette, Lioutas, Vasileios-Arsenios, Shulman, Julie G., Rosenberg, Lynn
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Medical Association 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10638652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37948073
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43203
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author Sheehy, Shanshan
Aparicio, Hugo J.
Palmer, Julie R.
Cozier, Yvette
Lioutas, Vasileios-Arsenios
Shulman, Julie G.
Rosenberg, Lynn
author_facet Sheehy, Shanshan
Aparicio, Hugo J.
Palmer, Julie R.
Cozier, Yvette
Lioutas, Vasileios-Arsenios
Shulman, Julie G.
Rosenberg, Lynn
author_sort Sheehy, Shanshan
collection PubMed
description IMPORTANCE: Black individuals in the US experience stroke and stroke-related mortality at younger ages and more frequently than other racial groups. Studies examining the prospective association of interpersonal racism with stroke are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of perceived interpersonal racism with incident stroke among US Black women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Black Women’s Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 59 000 Black women from across the US, assessed the longitudinal association between perceived interpersonal racism and stroke incidence. Stroke-free participants were followed up from 1997 until onset of stroke, death, loss to follow-up, or the end of the study period (December 31, 2019). Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs, adjusting for major confounders, including education, neighborhood socioeconomic environment, and cardiometabolic factors. Data analysis was performed from March 2021 until December 2022. EXPOSURE: On a questionnaire completed in 1997, participants reported experiences of racism in everyday life and when dealing with situations that involved employment, housing, and interactions with police. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Strokes were identified through self-report on biennial questionnaires, medical records adjudication, and linkage with the National Death Index. RESULTS: In 1997, 48 375 Black women (mean [SD] age, 41 [10] years) provided information on perceived interpersonal racism and were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer. During the 22 years of follow-up, 1664 incident stroke cases were identified; among them, 550 were definite cases confirmed by neurologist review and/or National Death Index linkage. Multivariable HRs for reported experiences of racism in all 3 domains of employment, housing, and interactions with police vs no such experiences were 1.38 (95% CI, 1.14-1.67), a 38% increase, for all incident cases and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.00-1.88) for definite cases. For comparisons of women in the highest quartile of everyday interpersonal racism score vs women in the lowest quartile, multivariable HRs were 1.14 (95% CI, 0.97-1.35) for analyses that included all incident stroke and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.83-1.45) for analyses that included definite cases only. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, Black women who reported experiences of interpersonal racism in situations involving employment, housing, and interactions with police appeared to have an increased risk of stroke, even after accounting for demographic and vascular risk factors, suggesting that the high burden of racism experienced by Black US women may contribute to racial disparities in stroke incidence.
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spelling pubmed-106386522023-11-15 Perceived Interpersonal Racism and Incident Stroke Among US Black Women Sheehy, Shanshan Aparicio, Hugo J. Palmer, Julie R. Cozier, Yvette Lioutas, Vasileios-Arsenios Shulman, Julie G. Rosenberg, Lynn JAMA Netw Open Original Investigation IMPORTANCE: Black individuals in the US experience stroke and stroke-related mortality at younger ages and more frequently than other racial groups. Studies examining the prospective association of interpersonal racism with stroke are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of perceived interpersonal racism with incident stroke among US Black women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Black Women’s Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 59 000 Black women from across the US, assessed the longitudinal association between perceived interpersonal racism and stroke incidence. Stroke-free participants were followed up from 1997 until onset of stroke, death, loss to follow-up, or the end of the study period (December 31, 2019). Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs, adjusting for major confounders, including education, neighborhood socioeconomic environment, and cardiometabolic factors. Data analysis was performed from March 2021 until December 2022. EXPOSURE: On a questionnaire completed in 1997, participants reported experiences of racism in everyday life and when dealing with situations that involved employment, housing, and interactions with police. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Strokes were identified through self-report on biennial questionnaires, medical records adjudication, and linkage with the National Death Index. RESULTS: In 1997, 48 375 Black women (mean [SD] age, 41 [10] years) provided information on perceived interpersonal racism and were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer. During the 22 years of follow-up, 1664 incident stroke cases were identified; among them, 550 were definite cases confirmed by neurologist review and/or National Death Index linkage. Multivariable HRs for reported experiences of racism in all 3 domains of employment, housing, and interactions with police vs no such experiences were 1.38 (95% CI, 1.14-1.67), a 38% increase, for all incident cases and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.00-1.88) for definite cases. For comparisons of women in the highest quartile of everyday interpersonal racism score vs women in the lowest quartile, multivariable HRs were 1.14 (95% CI, 0.97-1.35) for analyses that included all incident stroke and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.83-1.45) for analyses that included definite cases only. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, Black women who reported experiences of interpersonal racism in situations involving employment, housing, and interactions with police appeared to have an increased risk of stroke, even after accounting for demographic and vascular risk factors, suggesting that the high burden of racism experienced by Black US women may contribute to racial disparities in stroke incidence. American Medical Association 2023-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10638652/ /pubmed/37948073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43203 Text en Copyright 2023 Sheehy S et al. JAMA Network Open. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License.
spellingShingle Original Investigation
Sheehy, Shanshan
Aparicio, Hugo J.
Palmer, Julie R.
Cozier, Yvette
Lioutas, Vasileios-Arsenios
Shulman, Julie G.
Rosenberg, Lynn
Perceived Interpersonal Racism and Incident Stroke Among US Black Women
title Perceived Interpersonal Racism and Incident Stroke Among US Black Women
title_full Perceived Interpersonal Racism and Incident Stroke Among US Black Women
title_fullStr Perceived Interpersonal Racism and Incident Stroke Among US Black Women
title_full_unstemmed Perceived Interpersonal Racism and Incident Stroke Among US Black Women
title_short Perceived Interpersonal Racism and Incident Stroke Among US Black Women
title_sort perceived interpersonal racism and incident stroke among us black women
topic Original Investigation
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10638652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37948073
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43203
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