Barriers to Accessing Neurosurgical Services: A Cross-Sectional Study of Public and Patient Perspectives in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Neurosurgical care is paramount for addressing various neurological conditions. However, several factors may hinder individuals from accessing these services. This study aimed to identify the factors that deter Saudi citizens from receiving neurosurgical care, emphasizing perceived barriers and sociodemographic influences. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional research design, this study surveyed 1,795 participants from five distinct regions in Saudi Arabia, capturing a wide demographic range including age, gender, education, occupation, and residence. Stratified random sampling was adopted to ensure representation across different socioeconomic backgrounds. Data was collected using structured online questionnaires in both Arabic and English, which assessed demographic characteristics, patient experiences, perceived barriers, and satisfaction related to neurosurgical services. Results: The majority of the participants (79.6%) reported never accessing neurosurgical services, and 28.8% indicated difficulties in accessing them. Most participants expressed neutral feelings (38.1%) or satisfaction (23.4%) with neurosurgical service accessibility, though a significant minority expressed dissatisfaction (9.0%) or strong dissatisfaction (4.3%). Concerning factors for selecting neurological services, the expertise and reputation of healthcare professionals were paramount, while cost and proximity were lesser concerns. Significant perceived barriers included financial constraints and prolonged appointment waiting times. Results also revealed a relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and perceived barriers: females, certain age groups (25 to 34 and above 65), those with higher education levels, retired individuals, and residents of the Northern Province and urban areas reported higher perceived barriers. Regression analysis identified gender, education level, employment status, and residency as significant predictors of perceived barriers. Conclusion: This study underscores the prominent barriers faced by Saudi citizens in accessing neurosurgical care, with financial constraints and waiting times being paramount. Additionally, sociodemographic factors play a crucial role in the perception of these barriers. As healthcare disparities persist, targeted interventions, policy reforms, and educational campaigns are essential to bridge the gap and ensure equitable neurosurgical care access across all demographic segments in Saudi Arabia.