Textile-based Wearable to Monitor Heart Activity in Paediatric Population: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: Cardiac monitoring for children with heart disease still employs common clinical techniques that require visits to hospital either in an ambulatory or inpatient setting. Frequent cardiac monitoring, such as heart rate monitoring, can limit children’s physical activity and quality of life. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of a textile-based device (SKIIN) in measuring heart rate (HR) in different tasks: lying down, sitting, standing, exercising, and cooling down. METHODS: Twenty participants including healthy children and children with heart disease were included in this study. The difference between the HRs recorded by the SKIIN was compared with a reference electrocardiogram collection by normalized root mean squared error. Participants completed a questionnaire on their experience wearing the textile device with additional parental feedback on the textile device collected. RESULTS: Participants had the median age of 14 years (range: 10-17 years), with body mass index 23.1 ± 3.8 kg/m(2) and body surface area 1.70 ± 0.25 m(2). The HR recorded by SKIIN and reference system significantly changes between tasks (P < 0.001), while not significantly different from each other (P > 0.05). The normalized root mean squared error was 3.8% ± 3.0% and 3.6% ± 3.7% for healthy and the heart disease groups, respectively. All participants found the textile device non-irritating and easy to wear. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides proof of concept that HR can be robustly and conveniently monitored by smart textiles, with similar accuracy to standard-of-care devices.