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Characterization of flue gas desulphurized (FGD) gypsum of a coal-fired plant and its relevant risk of associated potential toxic elements in sodic soil reclamation
Thermal Power Plant generates FGD gypsum as by-product during coal combustion. This study evaluates the characterization (spectroscopic and elemental), potentially toxic elements (PTEs) distribution, and environmental risk assessment of FGD gypsum for safe and sustainable use in agriculture. The XRD...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10643664/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37957182 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45706-y |
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author | Sundha, Parul Mukhopadhyay, Raj Basak, Nirmalendu Rai, Arvind Kumar Bedwal, Sandeep Patel, Subedar Kumar, Sanjay Kaur, Harshpreet Chandra, Priyanka Sharma, Parbodh Chander Saxena, Sanjeev Kumar Parihar, Somendra Singh Yadav, Rajender Kumar |
author_facet | Sundha, Parul Mukhopadhyay, Raj Basak, Nirmalendu Rai, Arvind Kumar Bedwal, Sandeep Patel, Subedar Kumar, Sanjay Kaur, Harshpreet Chandra, Priyanka Sharma, Parbodh Chander Saxena, Sanjeev Kumar Parihar, Somendra Singh Yadav, Rajender Kumar |
author_sort | Sundha, Parul |
collection | PubMed |
description | Thermal Power Plant generates FGD gypsum as by-product during coal combustion. This study evaluates the characterization (spectroscopic and elemental), potentially toxic elements (PTEs) distribution, and environmental risk assessment of FGD gypsum for safe and sustainable use in agriculture. The XRD and SEM analysis confirmed the dominance of crystalline CaSO(4)·2H(2)O in FGD gypsum. The order of concentrations of PTEs in FGD gypsum was Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Ni > Co. The residual fraction was the dominant pool, sharing 80–90% of the total PTEs. The heavy metals (HMs) were below the toxic range in the leachates. The Co, Ni, Al, Fe Mn, Zn had low (< 10%) risk assessment code and the ecotoxicity was in the range of 0.0–7.46%. The contamination factor was also low (0.0–0.16) at the normal recommended doses of FGD gypsum application for sodicity reclamation. The enrichment factor was in the order of Al < Mn < Co < Zn < Ni. Mn [enrichment factor (E(f)) 1.2–2.0] and Co (E(f) 1.7–2.8) showed negligible enrichment of metals, whereas Ni (E(f) 4.3–5.2) and Zn (E(f) 4.5–5.6) reported moderate accumulation in soil. The application of FGD gypsum @ 10 t ha(−1) for sodicity reclamation will develop a geo-accumulation index below the critical values indicating its safe and sustainable use to achieve land degradation neutrality (LDN) and UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10643664 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106436642023-11-13 Characterization of flue gas desulphurized (FGD) gypsum of a coal-fired plant and its relevant risk of associated potential toxic elements in sodic soil reclamation Sundha, Parul Mukhopadhyay, Raj Basak, Nirmalendu Rai, Arvind Kumar Bedwal, Sandeep Patel, Subedar Kumar, Sanjay Kaur, Harshpreet Chandra, Priyanka Sharma, Parbodh Chander Saxena, Sanjeev Kumar Parihar, Somendra Singh Yadav, Rajender Kumar Sci Rep Article Thermal Power Plant generates FGD gypsum as by-product during coal combustion. This study evaluates the characterization (spectroscopic and elemental), potentially toxic elements (PTEs) distribution, and environmental risk assessment of FGD gypsum for safe and sustainable use in agriculture. The XRD and SEM analysis confirmed the dominance of crystalline CaSO(4)·2H(2)O in FGD gypsum. The order of concentrations of PTEs in FGD gypsum was Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Ni > Co. The residual fraction was the dominant pool, sharing 80–90% of the total PTEs. The heavy metals (HMs) were below the toxic range in the leachates. The Co, Ni, Al, Fe Mn, Zn had low (< 10%) risk assessment code and the ecotoxicity was in the range of 0.0–7.46%. The contamination factor was also low (0.0–0.16) at the normal recommended doses of FGD gypsum application for sodicity reclamation. The enrichment factor was in the order of Al < Mn < Co < Zn < Ni. Mn [enrichment factor (E(f)) 1.2–2.0] and Co (E(f) 1.7–2.8) showed negligible enrichment of metals, whereas Ni (E(f) 4.3–5.2) and Zn (E(f) 4.5–5.6) reported moderate accumulation in soil. The application of FGD gypsum @ 10 t ha(−1) for sodicity reclamation will develop a geo-accumulation index below the critical values indicating its safe and sustainable use to achieve land degradation neutrality (LDN) and UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-11-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10643664/ /pubmed/37957182 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45706-y Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Sundha, Parul Mukhopadhyay, Raj Basak, Nirmalendu Rai, Arvind Kumar Bedwal, Sandeep Patel, Subedar Kumar, Sanjay Kaur, Harshpreet Chandra, Priyanka Sharma, Parbodh Chander Saxena, Sanjeev Kumar Parihar, Somendra Singh Yadav, Rajender Kumar Characterization of flue gas desulphurized (FGD) gypsum of a coal-fired plant and its relevant risk of associated potential toxic elements in sodic soil reclamation |
title | Characterization of flue gas desulphurized (FGD) gypsum of a coal-fired plant and its relevant risk of associated potential toxic elements in sodic soil reclamation |
title_full | Characterization of flue gas desulphurized (FGD) gypsum of a coal-fired plant and its relevant risk of associated potential toxic elements in sodic soil reclamation |
title_fullStr | Characterization of flue gas desulphurized (FGD) gypsum of a coal-fired plant and its relevant risk of associated potential toxic elements in sodic soil reclamation |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of flue gas desulphurized (FGD) gypsum of a coal-fired plant and its relevant risk of associated potential toxic elements in sodic soil reclamation |
title_short | Characterization of flue gas desulphurized (FGD) gypsum of a coal-fired plant and its relevant risk of associated potential toxic elements in sodic soil reclamation |
title_sort | characterization of flue gas desulphurized (fgd) gypsum of a coal-fired plant and its relevant risk of associated potential toxic elements in sodic soil reclamation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10643664/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37957182 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45706-y |
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