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Changes in the physiological activity of parenchyma cells in Dalbergia odorifera xylem and its relationship with heartwood formation

BACKGROUND: The formation of a tree’s heartwood gives the wood properties such as natural decay resistance and aesthetic color, and often directly determines the value of wood products. Regulating the quantity and quality of heartwood is of great importance to the use of wood. However, the mechanism...

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Autores principales: Ma, Ruoke, Luo, Jia, Wang, Weijie, Fu, Yunlin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644609/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37957552
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04592-2
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author Ma, Ruoke
Luo, Jia
Wang, Weijie
Fu, Yunlin
author_facet Ma, Ruoke
Luo, Jia
Wang, Weijie
Fu, Yunlin
author_sort Ma, Ruoke
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The formation of a tree’s heartwood gives the wood properties such as natural decay resistance and aesthetic color, and often directly determines the value of wood products. Regulating the quantity and quality of heartwood is of great importance to the use of wood. However, the mechanism of heartwood formation has been poorly understood. RESULTS: Using Dalbergia odorifera as the study species, the number of starch grains, the morphology of the nuclei, the changes in the content of water and secondary metabolites were observed continuously in the radial direction of the xylem. The results show that from the outer toward inner sapwood, the starch grains are abundant, the length to diameter ratio of the nuclei is decreasing, and the morphology changes from elongated elliptical and then to round. In the outer transition zone, the starch grains begin to decrease abruptly and the nuclei shrink at a slower rate, with a radial width of approximately 2 mm. In the inner transition zone, the heartwood color begins to appear, the starch grains disappear and a few nuclei with reduced fluorescence are present, with a radial width of approximately 1 mm. Heartwood formation after complete disappearance of the nuclei. The moisture content of the heartwood is higher than that of the sapwood, and the inner transition zone is where the content rises. The secondary metabolites of the heartwood begin to accumulate in large quantities in the inner transition zone. CONCLUSION: Based on the physiological changes of parenchyma cells in the xylem, the radial width of the transition zone of Dalbergia odorifera is clearly defined as approximately 3 mm. Both the water and secondary metabolite abrupt changes occur at the final stage of programmed cell death, and neither is a direct cause of programmed cell death in parenchyma cells. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-023-04592-2.
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spelling pubmed-106446092023-11-14 Changes in the physiological activity of parenchyma cells in Dalbergia odorifera xylem and its relationship with heartwood formation Ma, Ruoke Luo, Jia Wang, Weijie Fu, Yunlin BMC Plant Biol Research BACKGROUND: The formation of a tree’s heartwood gives the wood properties such as natural decay resistance and aesthetic color, and often directly determines the value of wood products. Regulating the quantity and quality of heartwood is of great importance to the use of wood. However, the mechanism of heartwood formation has been poorly understood. RESULTS: Using Dalbergia odorifera as the study species, the number of starch grains, the morphology of the nuclei, the changes in the content of water and secondary metabolites were observed continuously in the radial direction of the xylem. The results show that from the outer toward inner sapwood, the starch grains are abundant, the length to diameter ratio of the nuclei is decreasing, and the morphology changes from elongated elliptical and then to round. In the outer transition zone, the starch grains begin to decrease abruptly and the nuclei shrink at a slower rate, with a radial width of approximately 2 mm. In the inner transition zone, the heartwood color begins to appear, the starch grains disappear and a few nuclei with reduced fluorescence are present, with a radial width of approximately 1 mm. Heartwood formation after complete disappearance of the nuclei. The moisture content of the heartwood is higher than that of the sapwood, and the inner transition zone is where the content rises. The secondary metabolites of the heartwood begin to accumulate in large quantities in the inner transition zone. CONCLUSION: Based on the physiological changes of parenchyma cells in the xylem, the radial width of the transition zone of Dalbergia odorifera is clearly defined as approximately 3 mm. Both the water and secondary metabolite abrupt changes occur at the final stage of programmed cell death, and neither is a direct cause of programmed cell death in parenchyma cells. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-023-04592-2. BioMed Central 2023-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10644609/ /pubmed/37957552 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04592-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Ma, Ruoke
Luo, Jia
Wang, Weijie
Fu, Yunlin
Changes in the physiological activity of parenchyma cells in Dalbergia odorifera xylem and its relationship with heartwood formation
title Changes in the physiological activity of parenchyma cells in Dalbergia odorifera xylem and its relationship with heartwood formation
title_full Changes in the physiological activity of parenchyma cells in Dalbergia odorifera xylem and its relationship with heartwood formation
title_fullStr Changes in the physiological activity of parenchyma cells in Dalbergia odorifera xylem and its relationship with heartwood formation
title_full_unstemmed Changes in the physiological activity of parenchyma cells in Dalbergia odorifera xylem and its relationship with heartwood formation
title_short Changes in the physiological activity of parenchyma cells in Dalbergia odorifera xylem and its relationship with heartwood formation
title_sort changes in the physiological activity of parenchyma cells in dalbergia odorifera xylem and its relationship with heartwood formation
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644609/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37957552
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04592-2
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