Determinants of dietary patterns of Ghanaian mother-child dyads: A Demographic and Health Survey

Having a comprehensive understanding of a population’s dietary patterns is a key component of any effective strategy for preventing malnutrition, planning, and putting nutrition interventions and policies into place. It’s interesting to note that information on dietary patterns of Ghana’s vulnerable subpopulations of women and children is lacking. The purpose of this study is to characterize the dietary patterns of women (15–49 years old) and their young children (0–3 years old), as well as to investigate into the socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing the characterized dietary patterns. The sociodemographic information and food consumption of mother-child dyads (n = 1,548) were collected for this nationally representative cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis and multiple variable logistic regression were used, respectively, to determine the dietary patterns of dyads and the determinants of the identified dietary patterns. For women and children, respectively, four dietary patterns (‘Beverage & sugary based’, ‘Meat based’, ‘Indigenous- tuber based’ and ‘Indigenous- grain based’) and two (‘Indigenous’ and ‘Milk, Meat, & cereal based’) emerged. Ethnicity, wealth quintiles, parity, seasonality, dyad’s age, body mass index, education, residency, marital status, and household size were the socioeconomic / demographic determinants of the dietary patterns. To sum up for women and children, meat based and indigenous staple based dietary patterns were identified, with several important socioeconomic and demographic variables acting as predictors of the dietary patterns. The identified dietary patterns and their determinants may serve as a basis for nutrition intervention and policies for women and children in Ghana.