A case report on the placement of a temporal dialysis catheter in the femoral artery for emergency dialysis

BACKGROUND: Ensuring vascular access is essential for dialysis patients. This can be achieved through an arteriovenous anastomosis (fistulae), a central venous catheter, or an arteriovenous graft. However, in some cases vascular access to the patient's blood is not possible. CASE PRESENTATION: A multi-vascular male patient, who had been undergoing dialysis for 17 years, was presented to our renal department. There was no possibility of vascular access to the patient’s venous network for dialysis. A peritoneal dialysis catheter was inserted, but it was malfunctioning. An attempt was made to place a HeRO AV Graft, but it did not succeed due to contraindications from the patient's venous network, as shown by the computed tomography. While trying to solve the problem in order to dialyze the patient during his hospitalization, he experienced severe shortness of breath with tachypnea (pulmonary edema), along with acidosis and hyperkalemia. A temporal dialysis catheter was urgently inserted into the left femoral artery and isolated ultrafiltration was performed, and by removing 1500 ml of ultrafiltration, the patient improved significantly. During the subsequent days, he underwent another 11 dialysis sessions using the femoral artery catheter. While he was hospitalized and being dialyzed via the femoral artery, a successful effort was made to catheterize the right external jugular vein, from which he continues to be dialyzed today. CONCLUSION: The patient’s treatment through the placement of a temporal dialysis catheter in the femoral artery enabled him to survive. It is our belief that such a solution could be helpful in similar cases.