Cargando…

An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics

A non-native nematode Ashworthius sidemi has emerged in captive fallow deer in Central and Eastern Europe over the last decade. Although this parasite has been spreading in the wild outside it’s native distributional range and colonising local European host species since the middle of the last centu...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Magdálek, Jan, Škorpíková, Lucie, McFarland, Christopher, Vadlejch, Jaroslav
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10646533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38026660
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1279073
_version_ 1785134916318527488
author Magdálek, Jan
Škorpíková, Lucie
McFarland, Christopher
Vadlejch, Jaroslav
author_facet Magdálek, Jan
Škorpíková, Lucie
McFarland, Christopher
Vadlejch, Jaroslav
author_sort Magdálek, Jan
collection PubMed
description A non-native nematode Ashworthius sidemi has emerged in captive fallow deer in Central and Eastern Europe over the last decade. Although this parasite has been spreading in the wild outside it’s native distributional range and colonising local European host species since the middle of the last century, limited information has been published on the seasonality of A. sidemi and its susceptibility to anthelmintics. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study to investigate seasonal dynamics of the non-native parasite in the current Central European climate conditions. We collected freshly voided faecal pellets at four-week intervals from February 2018 to February 2020 at a fallow deer reserve with a known history of A. sidemi presence. The faecal pellets obtained were pooled after each site visit (n = 25) and coprocultured to obtain the third stage larvae of trichostrongylid nematodes at monthly intervals. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the recovered larvae. Using real-time multiplex PCR, A. sidemi DNA was detected in 17 out of 25 larval samples (68% prevalence). During the monitoring period, the annual administration of ivermectin based premix (Cermix) took place in January 2018, 2019, and 2020, and additionally a mixture of rafoxanide and mebendazole (Rafendazol) was administered once in spring 2019. The probability of parasite presence was significantly influenced by the time since the drug administration (p = 0.048) and the mean temperature at the location (p = 0.013). Larval samples negative for A. sidemi were always identified shortly after the drug administration. However, rapid pasture contamination by the parasite eggs from two to three months after Cermix administration and within one month after Rafendazol administration suggest only a short-lived efficacy of both administered drugs. The abundance of A. sidemi DNA was positively affected by mean temperature (p = 0.044) and remained relatively stable throughout the monitoring period, with the highest peak in August 2018 and 2019. Pasture contamination with A. sidemi eggs occurred almost all year round, with the exception of the beginning of 2018, 2019, and 2020. These findings indicate adaptation of a non-native parasite to the current climatic conditions of the Czech Republic resulted in negligible seasonal patterns of parasite egg shedding.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10646533
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-106465332023-01-01 An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics Magdálek, Jan Škorpíková, Lucie McFarland, Christopher Vadlejch, Jaroslav Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science A non-native nematode Ashworthius sidemi has emerged in captive fallow deer in Central and Eastern Europe over the last decade. Although this parasite has been spreading in the wild outside it’s native distributional range and colonising local European host species since the middle of the last century, limited information has been published on the seasonality of A. sidemi and its susceptibility to anthelmintics. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study to investigate seasonal dynamics of the non-native parasite in the current Central European climate conditions. We collected freshly voided faecal pellets at four-week intervals from February 2018 to February 2020 at a fallow deer reserve with a known history of A. sidemi presence. The faecal pellets obtained were pooled after each site visit (n = 25) and coprocultured to obtain the third stage larvae of trichostrongylid nematodes at monthly intervals. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the recovered larvae. Using real-time multiplex PCR, A. sidemi DNA was detected in 17 out of 25 larval samples (68% prevalence). During the monitoring period, the annual administration of ivermectin based premix (Cermix) took place in January 2018, 2019, and 2020, and additionally a mixture of rafoxanide and mebendazole (Rafendazol) was administered once in spring 2019. The probability of parasite presence was significantly influenced by the time since the drug administration (p = 0.048) and the mean temperature at the location (p = 0.013). Larval samples negative for A. sidemi were always identified shortly after the drug administration. However, rapid pasture contamination by the parasite eggs from two to three months after Cermix administration and within one month after Rafendazol administration suggest only a short-lived efficacy of both administered drugs. The abundance of A. sidemi DNA was positively affected by mean temperature (p = 0.044) and remained relatively stable throughout the monitoring period, with the highest peak in August 2018 and 2019. Pasture contamination with A. sidemi eggs occurred almost all year round, with the exception of the beginning of 2018, 2019, and 2020. These findings indicate adaptation of a non-native parasite to the current climatic conditions of the Czech Republic resulted in negligible seasonal patterns of parasite egg shedding. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10646533/ /pubmed/38026660 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1279073 Text en Copyright © 2023 Magdálek, Škorpíková, McFarland and Vadlejch. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Magdálek, Jan
Škorpíková, Lucie
McFarland, Christopher
Vadlejch, Jaroslav
An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics
title An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics
title_full An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics
title_fullStr An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics
title_full_unstemmed An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics
title_short An alien parasite in a changing world – Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics
title_sort alien parasite in a changing world – ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10646533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38026660
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1279073
work_keys_str_mv AT magdalekjan analienparasiteinachangingworldashworthiussidemihaslostitstraditionalseasonaldynamics
AT skorpikovalucie analienparasiteinachangingworldashworthiussidemihaslostitstraditionalseasonaldynamics
AT mcfarlandchristopher analienparasiteinachangingworldashworthiussidemihaslostitstraditionalseasonaldynamics
AT vadlejchjaroslav analienparasiteinachangingworldashworthiussidemihaslostitstraditionalseasonaldynamics
AT magdalekjan alienparasiteinachangingworldashworthiussidemihaslostitstraditionalseasonaldynamics
AT skorpikovalucie alienparasiteinachangingworldashworthiussidemihaslostitstraditionalseasonaldynamics
AT mcfarlandchristopher alienparasiteinachangingworldashworthiussidemihaslostitstraditionalseasonaldynamics
AT vadlejchjaroslav alienparasiteinachangingworldashworthiussidemihaslostitstraditionalseasonaldynamics