Template-assisted synthesis of isomeric copper(i) clusters with tunable structures showing photophysical and electrochemical properties

A comparative study of structure–property relationships in isomeric and isostructural atomically precise clusters is an ideal approach to unravel their fundamental properties. Herein, seven high-nuclearity copper(i) alkynyl clusters utilizing template-assisted strategies were synthesized. Spherical Cu(36) and Cu(56) clusters are formed with a [M@(V/PO(4))(6)] (M: Cu(2+), Na(+), K(+)) skeleton motif, while peanut-shaped Cu(56) clusters feature four separate PO(4) templates. Experiments and theoretical calculations suggested that the photophysical properties of these clusters are dependent on both the inner templates and outer phosphonate ligands. Phenyl and 1-naphthyl phosphate-protected clusters exhibited enhanced emission features attributed to numerous well-arranged intermolecular C–H⋯π interactions between the ligands. Moreover, the electrocatalytic CO(2) reduction properties suggested that internal PO(4) templates and external naphthyl groups could promote an increase in C(2) products (C(2)H(4) and C(2)H(5)OH). Our research provides new insight into the design and synthesis of multifunctional copper(i) clusters, and highlights the significance of atomic-level comparative studies of structure–property relationships.