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Feasibility Study for Finding Mathematical Approaches to Describe the Optimal Operation Point of Sensor-Based Sorting Machines for Plastic Waste
At present, sensor-based sorting machines are usually not operated at the optimal operation point but are either overrun or underrun depending on the availability of waste streams. Mathematical approaches for predefined ideal mixtures can be found based on the input stream composition and the throug...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10647399/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37959946 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15214266 |
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author | Friedrich, Karl Kuhn, Nikolai Pomberger, Roland Koinig, Gerald |
author_facet | Friedrich, Karl Kuhn, Nikolai Pomberger, Roland Koinig, Gerald |
author_sort | Friedrich, Karl |
collection | PubMed |
description | At present, sensor-based sorting machines are usually not operated at the optimal operation point but are either overrun or underrun depending on the availability of waste streams. Mathematical approaches for predefined ideal mixtures can be found based on the input stream composition and the throughput rate. This scientific article compares whether and under what conditions these approaches can be applied to sensor-based sorting machines. Existing data for predefined ideal mixtures are compared with newly generated data of real waste on three sensor-based sorting setups in order to make significant statements. Five samples of 3D plastics at regular intervals were taken in a processing plant for refuse-derived fuels. With the comparison of all these results, four hypotheses were validated, related to whether the same mathematical approaches can be transferred from ideal mixtures to real waste and whether they can be transferred to sensor-based sorting machines individually or depending on the construction type. The developed mathematical approaches are regression models for finding the optimal operation point to achieve a specific sensor-based sorting result in terms of purity and recovery. For a plant operator, the main benefit of the findings of this scientific article is that purity could be increased by 20% without substantially adapting the sorting plant. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10647399 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106473992023-10-30 Feasibility Study for Finding Mathematical Approaches to Describe the Optimal Operation Point of Sensor-Based Sorting Machines for Plastic Waste Friedrich, Karl Kuhn, Nikolai Pomberger, Roland Koinig, Gerald Polymers (Basel) Article At present, sensor-based sorting machines are usually not operated at the optimal operation point but are either overrun or underrun depending on the availability of waste streams. Mathematical approaches for predefined ideal mixtures can be found based on the input stream composition and the throughput rate. This scientific article compares whether and under what conditions these approaches can be applied to sensor-based sorting machines. Existing data for predefined ideal mixtures are compared with newly generated data of real waste on three sensor-based sorting setups in order to make significant statements. Five samples of 3D plastics at regular intervals were taken in a processing plant for refuse-derived fuels. With the comparison of all these results, four hypotheses were validated, related to whether the same mathematical approaches can be transferred from ideal mixtures to real waste and whether they can be transferred to sensor-based sorting machines individually or depending on the construction type. The developed mathematical approaches are regression models for finding the optimal operation point to achieve a specific sensor-based sorting result in terms of purity and recovery. For a plant operator, the main benefit of the findings of this scientific article is that purity could be increased by 20% without substantially adapting the sorting plant. MDPI 2023-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10647399/ /pubmed/37959946 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15214266 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Friedrich, Karl Kuhn, Nikolai Pomberger, Roland Koinig, Gerald Feasibility Study for Finding Mathematical Approaches to Describe the Optimal Operation Point of Sensor-Based Sorting Machines for Plastic Waste |
title | Feasibility Study for Finding Mathematical Approaches to Describe the Optimal Operation Point of Sensor-Based Sorting Machines for Plastic Waste |
title_full | Feasibility Study for Finding Mathematical Approaches to Describe the Optimal Operation Point of Sensor-Based Sorting Machines for Plastic Waste |
title_fullStr | Feasibility Study for Finding Mathematical Approaches to Describe the Optimal Operation Point of Sensor-Based Sorting Machines for Plastic Waste |
title_full_unstemmed | Feasibility Study for Finding Mathematical Approaches to Describe the Optimal Operation Point of Sensor-Based Sorting Machines for Plastic Waste |
title_short | Feasibility Study for Finding Mathematical Approaches to Describe the Optimal Operation Point of Sensor-Based Sorting Machines for Plastic Waste |
title_sort | feasibility study for finding mathematical approaches to describe the optimal operation point of sensor-based sorting machines for plastic waste |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10647399/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37959946 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15214266 |
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