Judd–Ofelt Analysis and Spectroscopy Study of Tellurite Glasses Doped with Rare-Earth (Nd(3+), Sm(3+), Dy(3+), and Er(3+))

A series of glasses based on (80-y) TeO(2)-20 BiCl(3)-y RE(2)O(3) (y = 0, 0.6 mol%; RE = Nd, Sm, Dy, and Er) were prepared. The thermal stability of the glass was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The density and optical energy values of the prepared glass increased in the order of Sm(2)O(3), Nd(2)O(3), Dy(2)O(3), and Er(2)O(3). In addition, the glass doped with Er(2)O(3) had the highest refractive index values compared to the other samples. Subsequently, Judd–Ofelt parameters (Ω(2), Ω(4), and Ω(6)) were obtained for the family of RE(3+) trivalent rare-earth ions introduced as dopants in a tellurite glass. These parameters were calculated from the absorption spectra for each RE(3+). The structures were studied by Raman spectroscopy deconvolution, which determined that TeO(4), TeO(3), TeO(3+1), BiO(6), and BiCl(6) units had formed. In addition, the structural changes in the glass are related to the intensity ratio of TeO(4)/TeO(3), depending on the type of rare-earth. For the optics and Judd–Ofelt parameters, the ray spectroscopy results of the prepared glass show that it is a good candidate for nonlinear optics fibers, a solid laser material.