Single-Probe Percutaneous Cryoablation with Liquid Nitrogen for the Treatment of T1a Renal Tumors

SIMPLE SUMMARY: In addressing the challenge of managing small renal masses, this study explored the efficacy of single-probe percutaneous cryoablation as a potential solution. The primary objective was to assess the procedure’s impact on recurrence rates, particularly in relation to Renal nephrometry scores. Analysis of results from 26 renal tumors treated with this method revealed promising outcomes, with recurrence rates influenced by the aforementioned scores. The findings suggest that single-probe cryoablation is a promising modality, particularly when considering its cost-effectiveness and ergonomic advantages over traditional multi-needle argon-based cryotherapy. In conclusion, this novel technique offers potential benefits in treating small renal masses, emphasizing the need for further refinement and research. The study’s insights could guide medical professionals in choosing efficient, cost-effective, and patient-friendly treatment options, thereby benefiting society at large by optimizing kidney tumor management. ABSTRACT: Kidney cancer accounts for 3% of adult malignancies and is increasingly detected through advanced imaging techniques, highlighting the need for effective treatment strategies. This retrospective study assessed the safety and efficacy of a new single-probe percutaneous cryoablation system using liquid nitrogen for treating T1a renal cancers. From May 2019 to May 2022, 25 consecutive patients from two academic hospitals, with a median age of 64.8 years [IQR 59; 75.5], underwent cryoablation for 26 T1a renal tumors. These tumors had a median size of 25.3 mm [20; 30.7] and a median RENAL nephrometry score, indicating tumor complexity, of 7 [5; 9]. No major complications arose, but three non-clinically relevant perirenal hematomas were detected on post-procedure CT scans. With a median follow-up of 795 days [573; 1020], the primary local control rate at one month stood was 80.8% (21 out of 26). The five recurrent lesions, which exhibited a higher renal score (p = 0.016), were treated again using cryoablation, achieving a secondary local control rate of 100%. No patient died, and the disease-free survival rate was 92% (23 out of 25). In conclusion, single-probe percutaneous cryoablation emerges as a promising modality for managing small renal masses. Notably, recurrence rates appear influenced by RENAL nephrometry scores, suggesting a need for further research to refine the technique.