Ammonia and Particulate Matter Emissions at a Korean Commercial Pig Farm and Influencing Factors

SIMPLE SUMMARY: This study examined the levels of certain pollutants, primarily ammonia and particulate matter (PM), emitted by a commercial pig farm in Korea. Understanding these levels is vital for reducing the environmental impact of pig farming and ensuring a sustainable future for this industry. Interestingly, the study found that previous guidelines in Korea might have overestimated these pollution levels, although the current findings are consistent with global research. Seasonal variations also impacted pollution levels: more ammonia was released in spring and autumn, while other pollutants increased in summer. Factors such as the number and age of the pigs significantly influenced these emission levels, as did airflow and ventilation. In essence, continued research in this area will help to improve pig farming practices in Korea, ensuring a balance between successful farming and environmental preservation. ABSTRACT: Quantifying emission factors of ammonia and particulate matter (PM) in livestock production systems is crucial for assessing and mitigating the environmental impact of animal production and for ensuring industry sustainability. This study aimed to determine emission factors of ammonia, total suspended particles (TSPs), PM(10), and PM(2.5) for piglets and growing–finishing pigs at a commercial pig farm in Korea. It also sought to identify factors influencing these emission factors. The research found that the emission factors measured were generally lower than those currently used in Korea, but were consistent with findings from individual research studies in the literature. Seasonal variations were observed, with ammonia emissions peaking in spring and autumn, and PM emissions rising in summer. Correlation analyses indicated that the number of animals and their average age correlated positively with both ammonia and PM emission factors. Ventilation rate was also positively correlated with PM emissions. Future extended field measurements across diverse pig farms will offer deeper insights into the emission factors of pig farms in Korea, guiding the development of sustainable livestock management practices.