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Toxic Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment of Exposure in Selected Freshwater and Marine Fish in Thailand
This study identified the levels of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in 15 species of commonly consumed fish in Thailand (7 freshwater species, 8 marine species), as well as the risk of these toxic elements for consumers. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS-MS) was used to identi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10649747/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37959085 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12213967 |
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author | Sirisangarunroj, Prasit Monboonpitak, Nuntawat Karnpanit, Weeraya Sridonpai, Piyanut Singhato, Alongkote Laitip, Nunnapus Ornthai, Nattikarn Yafa, Charun Judprasong, Kunchit |
author_facet | Sirisangarunroj, Prasit Monboonpitak, Nuntawat Karnpanit, Weeraya Sridonpai, Piyanut Singhato, Alongkote Laitip, Nunnapus Ornthai, Nattikarn Yafa, Charun Judprasong, Kunchit |
author_sort | Sirisangarunroj, Prasit |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study identified the levels of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in 15 species of commonly consumed fish in Thailand (7 freshwater species, 8 marine species), as well as the risk of these toxic elements for consumers. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS-MS) was used to identify toxic elements, while an exposure assessment was conducted by applying consumption amounts from the national food consumption survey to the toxic element contents in the fish samples. The results showed that the fish contained arsenic ranging from less than the limit of detection (LOD) to 8.51 mg/kg fresh weight (FW), cadmium ranging from the LOD to 0.04 mg/kg FW, and mercury ranging from the limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 0.38 mg/kg FW. Lead was found in small amounts (<LOQ) when compared to the Codex and Thailand’s standards. Only grouper had a higher mercury content (0.55 mg/kg FW) than that of the Codex standard, but it was lower than the notification requirement of Thailand’s Ministry of Public Health. Based on the estimated daily intake scenario, the consumption of most fish species posed a low risk of concern in terms of cadmium and lead. A high risk of concern was found for arsenic exposure, with the exception of long, non-scaly fish (catfish and dory). Marine fish, with the exception of Indo-Pacific mackerel, also posed a high risk of mercury exposure, but only in the case of a high mercury content, high consumption, or both. For a high arsenic content with high consumption or both, children aged 0–5.9 years were at a high risk of concern. Food safety authorities should regularly monitor the levels of toxic element contamination in high-risk food products. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10649747 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106497472023-10-30 Toxic Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment of Exposure in Selected Freshwater and Marine Fish in Thailand Sirisangarunroj, Prasit Monboonpitak, Nuntawat Karnpanit, Weeraya Sridonpai, Piyanut Singhato, Alongkote Laitip, Nunnapus Ornthai, Nattikarn Yafa, Charun Judprasong, Kunchit Foods Article This study identified the levels of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in 15 species of commonly consumed fish in Thailand (7 freshwater species, 8 marine species), as well as the risk of these toxic elements for consumers. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS-MS) was used to identify toxic elements, while an exposure assessment was conducted by applying consumption amounts from the national food consumption survey to the toxic element contents in the fish samples. The results showed that the fish contained arsenic ranging from less than the limit of detection (LOD) to 8.51 mg/kg fresh weight (FW), cadmium ranging from the LOD to 0.04 mg/kg FW, and mercury ranging from the limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 0.38 mg/kg FW. Lead was found in small amounts (<LOQ) when compared to the Codex and Thailand’s standards. Only grouper had a higher mercury content (0.55 mg/kg FW) than that of the Codex standard, but it was lower than the notification requirement of Thailand’s Ministry of Public Health. Based on the estimated daily intake scenario, the consumption of most fish species posed a low risk of concern in terms of cadmium and lead. A high risk of concern was found for arsenic exposure, with the exception of long, non-scaly fish (catfish and dory). Marine fish, with the exception of Indo-Pacific mackerel, also posed a high risk of mercury exposure, but only in the case of a high mercury content, high consumption, or both. For a high arsenic content with high consumption or both, children aged 0–5.9 years were at a high risk of concern. Food safety authorities should regularly monitor the levels of toxic element contamination in high-risk food products. MDPI 2023-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10649747/ /pubmed/37959085 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12213967 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sirisangarunroj, Prasit Monboonpitak, Nuntawat Karnpanit, Weeraya Sridonpai, Piyanut Singhato, Alongkote Laitip, Nunnapus Ornthai, Nattikarn Yafa, Charun Judprasong, Kunchit Toxic Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment of Exposure in Selected Freshwater and Marine Fish in Thailand |
title | Toxic Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment of Exposure in Selected Freshwater and Marine Fish in Thailand |
title_full | Toxic Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment of Exposure in Selected Freshwater and Marine Fish in Thailand |
title_fullStr | Toxic Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment of Exposure in Selected Freshwater and Marine Fish in Thailand |
title_full_unstemmed | Toxic Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment of Exposure in Selected Freshwater and Marine Fish in Thailand |
title_short | Toxic Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment of Exposure in Selected Freshwater and Marine Fish in Thailand |
title_sort | toxic heavy metals and their risk assessment of exposure in selected freshwater and marine fish in thailand |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10649747/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37959085 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12213967 |
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