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Pedestrian Safety in Frontal Tram Collision, Part 2: Laminated Glass as a Crucial Part of the Absorption and Deformation Zone—Its Impact Test and Analysis
As was shown in the previous part of the study, windshields are an important part of the passive safety means of modern low-floor trams with an extraordinary effect on pedestrian safety in a pedestrian–tram collisions. Therefore, maximum attention must be paid to the definition of tram windshield ch...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10650637/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37960673 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218974 |
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author | Jezdik, Roman Sebik, Marek Kubovy, Petr Marsik, Frantisek Lopot, Frantisek Hajkova, Barbora Hylmarova, Dita Havlicek, Martin Stocek, Ondrej Doubek, Martin Tikkanen, Tommi Svoboda, Martin Jelen, Karel |
author_facet | Jezdik, Roman Sebik, Marek Kubovy, Petr Marsik, Frantisek Lopot, Frantisek Hajkova, Barbora Hylmarova, Dita Havlicek, Martin Stocek, Ondrej Doubek, Martin Tikkanen, Tommi Svoboda, Martin Jelen, Karel |
author_sort | Jezdik, Roman |
collection | PubMed |
description | As was shown in the previous part of the study, windshields are an important part of the passive safety means of modern low-floor trams with an extraordinary effect on pedestrian safety in a pedestrian–tram collisions. Therefore, maximum attention must be paid to the definition of tram windshield characteristics. This article describes a windshield crash test, from which data are obtained to verify the feasibility of the applied computational approaches. A developed analytical model is utilised for a simple description of the energy balance during collision with an illustrative definition of the important parameters of laminated glass as well as their clear physical interpretations. The finite element analysis (FEA) performed in Ansys software using two versions of material definition, namely a simpler (*MAT_ELASTIC with nonlocal failure criterion) and a more complex (*MAT_GLASS with brittle stress-state-dependent failure) material model, which are presented as suitable for obtaining a detailed description of the shattering process of laminated glass, which can also be used effectively in windshield engineering. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10650637 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106506372023-11-04 Pedestrian Safety in Frontal Tram Collision, Part 2: Laminated Glass as a Crucial Part of the Absorption and Deformation Zone—Its Impact Test and Analysis Jezdik, Roman Sebik, Marek Kubovy, Petr Marsik, Frantisek Lopot, Frantisek Hajkova, Barbora Hylmarova, Dita Havlicek, Martin Stocek, Ondrej Doubek, Martin Tikkanen, Tommi Svoboda, Martin Jelen, Karel Sensors (Basel) Article As was shown in the previous part of the study, windshields are an important part of the passive safety means of modern low-floor trams with an extraordinary effect on pedestrian safety in a pedestrian–tram collisions. Therefore, maximum attention must be paid to the definition of tram windshield characteristics. This article describes a windshield crash test, from which data are obtained to verify the feasibility of the applied computational approaches. A developed analytical model is utilised for a simple description of the energy balance during collision with an illustrative definition of the important parameters of laminated glass as well as their clear physical interpretations. The finite element analysis (FEA) performed in Ansys software using two versions of material definition, namely a simpler (*MAT_ELASTIC with nonlocal failure criterion) and a more complex (*MAT_GLASS with brittle stress-state-dependent failure) material model, which are presented as suitable for obtaining a detailed description of the shattering process of laminated glass, which can also be used effectively in windshield engineering. MDPI 2023-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10650637/ /pubmed/37960673 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218974 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Jezdik, Roman Sebik, Marek Kubovy, Petr Marsik, Frantisek Lopot, Frantisek Hajkova, Barbora Hylmarova, Dita Havlicek, Martin Stocek, Ondrej Doubek, Martin Tikkanen, Tommi Svoboda, Martin Jelen, Karel Pedestrian Safety in Frontal Tram Collision, Part 2: Laminated Glass as a Crucial Part of the Absorption and Deformation Zone—Its Impact Test and Analysis |
title | Pedestrian Safety in Frontal Tram Collision, Part 2: Laminated Glass as a Crucial Part of the Absorption and Deformation Zone—Its Impact Test and Analysis |
title_full | Pedestrian Safety in Frontal Tram Collision, Part 2: Laminated Glass as a Crucial Part of the Absorption and Deformation Zone—Its Impact Test and Analysis |
title_fullStr | Pedestrian Safety in Frontal Tram Collision, Part 2: Laminated Glass as a Crucial Part of the Absorption and Deformation Zone—Its Impact Test and Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Pedestrian Safety in Frontal Tram Collision, Part 2: Laminated Glass as a Crucial Part of the Absorption and Deformation Zone—Its Impact Test and Analysis |
title_short | Pedestrian Safety in Frontal Tram Collision, Part 2: Laminated Glass as a Crucial Part of the Absorption and Deformation Zone—Its Impact Test and Analysis |
title_sort | pedestrian safety in frontal tram collision, part 2: laminated glass as a crucial part of the absorption and deformation zone—its impact test and analysis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10650637/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37960673 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218974 |
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