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Forensic analysis of the Turkey 2023 presidential election reveals extreme vote swings in remote areas

Concerns about the integrity of Turkey’s elections have increased with the recent transition from a parliamentary democracy to an executive presidency under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Election forensics tools are used to identify statistical traces of certain types of electoral fraud, providing important...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Klimek, Peter, Aykaç, Ahmet, Thurner, Stefan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10651024/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37967045
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293239
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author Klimek, Peter
Aykaç, Ahmet
Thurner, Stefan
author_facet Klimek, Peter
Aykaç, Ahmet
Thurner, Stefan
author_sort Klimek, Peter
collection PubMed
description Concerns about the integrity of Turkey’s elections have increased with the recent transition from a parliamentary democracy to an executive presidency under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Election forensics tools are used to identify statistical traces of certain types of electoral fraud, providing important information about the integrity and validity of democratic elections. Such analyses of the 2017 and 2018 Turkish elections revealed that malpractices such as ballot stuffing or voter manipulation may indeed have played a significant role in determining the election results. Here, we apply election forensic statistical tests for ballot stuffing and voter manipulation to the results of the 2023 presidential election in Turkey. We find that both rounds of the 2023 presidential election exhibit similar statistical irregularities to those observed in the 2018 presidential election, however the magnitude of these distortions has decreased. We estimate that 2.4% (SD 1.9%) and 1.9% (SD 1.7%) of electoral units may have been affected by ballot stuffing practices in favour of Erdoğan in the first and second rounds, respectively, compared to 8.5% (SD 3.9%) in 2018. Areas with smaller polling stations and fewer ballot boxes had significantly inflated votes and turnout, again, in favor of Erdoğan. Furthermore, electoral districts with two or fewer ballot boxes were more likely to show large swings in vote shares in favour of Erdoğan from the first to the second round. Based on a statistical model, it is estimated that these shifts account for 342,000 additional ballots (SD 4,900) or 0.64% for Erdoğan, which is lower than the 4.36% margin by which Erdoğan was victorious. Our results suggest that Turkish elections continue to be riddled with statistical irregularities, that may be indicative of electoral fraud.
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spelling pubmed-106510242023-11-15 Forensic analysis of the Turkey 2023 presidential election reveals extreme vote swings in remote areas Klimek, Peter Aykaç, Ahmet Thurner, Stefan PLoS One Research Article Concerns about the integrity of Turkey’s elections have increased with the recent transition from a parliamentary democracy to an executive presidency under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Election forensics tools are used to identify statistical traces of certain types of electoral fraud, providing important information about the integrity and validity of democratic elections. Such analyses of the 2017 and 2018 Turkish elections revealed that malpractices such as ballot stuffing or voter manipulation may indeed have played a significant role in determining the election results. Here, we apply election forensic statistical tests for ballot stuffing and voter manipulation to the results of the 2023 presidential election in Turkey. We find that both rounds of the 2023 presidential election exhibit similar statistical irregularities to those observed in the 2018 presidential election, however the magnitude of these distortions has decreased. We estimate that 2.4% (SD 1.9%) and 1.9% (SD 1.7%) of electoral units may have been affected by ballot stuffing practices in favour of Erdoğan in the first and second rounds, respectively, compared to 8.5% (SD 3.9%) in 2018. Areas with smaller polling stations and fewer ballot boxes had significantly inflated votes and turnout, again, in favor of Erdoğan. Furthermore, electoral districts with two or fewer ballot boxes were more likely to show large swings in vote shares in favour of Erdoğan from the first to the second round. Based on a statistical model, it is estimated that these shifts account for 342,000 additional ballots (SD 4,900) or 0.64% for Erdoğan, which is lower than the 4.36% margin by which Erdoğan was victorious. Our results suggest that Turkish elections continue to be riddled with statistical irregularities, that may be indicative of electoral fraud. Public Library of Science 2023-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10651024/ /pubmed/37967045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293239 Text en © 2023 Klimek et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Klimek, Peter
Aykaç, Ahmet
Thurner, Stefan
Forensic analysis of the Turkey 2023 presidential election reveals extreme vote swings in remote areas
title Forensic analysis of the Turkey 2023 presidential election reveals extreme vote swings in remote areas
title_full Forensic analysis of the Turkey 2023 presidential election reveals extreme vote swings in remote areas
title_fullStr Forensic analysis of the Turkey 2023 presidential election reveals extreme vote swings in remote areas
title_full_unstemmed Forensic analysis of the Turkey 2023 presidential election reveals extreme vote swings in remote areas
title_short Forensic analysis of the Turkey 2023 presidential election reveals extreme vote swings in remote areas
title_sort forensic analysis of the turkey 2023 presidential election reveals extreme vote swings in remote areas
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10651024/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37967045
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293239
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