The Study of Clinical Profile of Patients With Mucormycosis During COVID-19 Pandemic in Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Mucormycosis has gained a huge number of cases in the second wave of post COVID-19 infection, which may be attributed to increased awareness, advancement in diagnostic techniques, and an increase in the prevalence of predisposing factors. This study evaluated the pattern, risk factors, and clinical profile of patients with mucormycosis during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Emergency Medicine of a dedicated tertiary care hospital for COVID-19. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study. One hundred five patients diagnosed with mucormycosis were included from June 2021 to December 2021. Informed consent was obtained from the patients. Data on demography, clinical features, predisposing factors, co-morbid conditions, and microbiological samples were obtained and analyzed. Results: Out of 105 patients, 71 were male, and 34 were female. The patient presented with mucormycosis between the 2nd and 3rd week of post COVID-19 infection. Incidence was mainly seen in patients in their fifties, mostly associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) (53.30%), oxygen administration (80%), and previous use of steroids (45.71%). Predominantly, males were more affected. The most common presentation was headache (50.47%), orbital pain with restricted ocular movement (47.67%), proptosis (42.85%), and diminished vision (41.90%). Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) was the most common presentation of mucormycosis, while only five cases of pulmonary mucormycosis were found. Conclusion: ROCM was the most common presentation of mucormycosis between the second and third week of post COVID-19 infection. Diabetes mellitus and inadvertent use of steroids were major predisposing factors. Therefore, a high degree of suspicion and early diagnosis with initiation of treatment is warranted in cases of mucormycosis in post COVID-19 infection.