Stem-Cell Therapy: Filling Gaps in Oro-Maxillofacial Region

How do stem cells function? Why should we, as dentists, care about stem cells? How might dental procedures be substituted by stem cells? Are stem cells capable of regenerating a tooth or temporomandibular joint (TMJ)? Although the ability to regenerate a destroyed tissue has been known for a while, research into regenerative medicine and dentistry has made significant strides in molecular biology. A paradigm shift in the therapeutic toolbox for dental and oral diseases is likely to result from a growing understanding of biological concepts in the regeneration of oral/dental tissues along with stem cell research, leading to an intense search for "biological solutions to biological problems." Among other tissues, orofacial tissues effectively separate stem cells from human tissues. Because they can self-renew and produce different cell types, stem cells offer novel techniques for regenerating damaged tissues and curing illnesses. A number of significant milestone successes have shown their practical applicability, traditional biomaterial-based treatments in regenerative dentistry as therapeutic alternatives that offer regeneration of damaged oral tissues rather than merely "filling the gaps." In order to use these innovative accomplishments for patient well-being, the ultimate goal of this ground-breaking technology, well-designed clinical studies must be implemented as a crucial next step. The review's objective is to briefly synthesize the literature on stem cells in terms of their traits, subtypes, and uses for dental stem cells. It has been highlighted that stem cell therapy has the ability to treat craniofacial abnormalities and regenerate teeth in the oral and maxillofacial regions.