Analyzing the Trends and Causes of Birth Defects — Jinan City, Shandong Province, China, 2005–2022

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC? Numerous studies conducted in China have reported on the prevalence of birth defects (BDs). However, the limited surveillance periods in select studies curtail comprehensive trends and cause evaluation. Accordingly, the surveillance duration of BDs is extended, and a comprehensive analysis of their prevailing trends is conducted to provide a basis for government intervention and policy implementation. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT? There is a distinct increase in the incidence of BDs observed in Jinan. In rural areas, a pronounced upward trend was observed, and the increase was more rapid than in urban areas. BD prevalence among mothers over 35 years old and under 20 years old was substantially higher than BD prevalence rates in other maternal age brackets. Specifically, the period from 2005 to 2022 saw the prevalence of congenital heart disease surge, the fastest average annual growth rate among all birth defects. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE? It’s essential to prioritize pregnant women in rural areas and those at both ends of the maternal age spectrum. Implementing comprehensive initiatives is crucial to address the high prevalence of congenital heart disease.