Tectal plate cyst-associated hydrocephalus in an adult: Case report of a rare clinical entity

Obstructive hydrocephalus in adults can result from various etiologies, including rare cystic lesions such as tectal plate cysts. To depict a unique case of a tectal plate cyst causing hydrocephalus in an adult accompanied by persistent headaches, visual disturbances, and balance problems. In a clinical context, a 43-year-old female patient presented with a 2-week history of persistent headaches, accompanied by symptoms of dizziness, visual disturbances, and impaired balance. These headaches had exhibited a daily aggravation pattern over a year and were associated with concurrent manifestations of nausea, vomiting, and diplopia. Subsequent neuroimaging through a brain computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed the presence of hydrocephalus. Consultation with a neurologist and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yielded a diagnosis implicating a tectal plate cyst as the causative agent behind the obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient subsequently underwent surgical excision of the cyst. A follow-up assessment postoperation unveiled a marked improvement in the patient's clinical condition, characterized by the resolution of visual and gait impairments, as well as a notable reduction in the frequency and severity of headaches. This case highlights the importance of considering tectal plate cysts as an uncommon cause of hydrocephalus in the differential diagnosis of patients with persistent headaches and neurological symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment with surgical removal of the cyst can significantly improve the patient's symptoms and prevent further complications such as hydrocephalus.