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Epidemiology of maxillofacial injury among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

BACKGROUND: Injuries remain one of the leading causes of death globally. These disproportionately affect young adults and are particularly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Maxillofacial injuries (MI) pose significant challenges to public health systems. However, much remains unknown regarding...

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Autores principales: Adeleke, Adekunle I., Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni, Makhunga, Sizwe, Ginindza, Themba G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10652446/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37968736
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40621-023-00470-5
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author Adeleke, Adekunle I.
Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni
Makhunga, Sizwe
Ginindza, Themba G.
author_facet Adeleke, Adekunle I.
Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni
Makhunga, Sizwe
Ginindza, Themba G.
author_sort Adeleke, Adekunle I.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Injuries remain one of the leading causes of death globally. These disproportionately affect young adults and are particularly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Maxillofacial injuries (MI) pose significant challenges to public health systems. However, much remains unknown regarding the epidemiology and extent of the financial burden in resource-limited areas, such as SSA, further necessitating more research and support. This scoping review aims to investigate the mechanism, distribution, and financial impact of MI in adults aged ≥ 18 years in SSA. MAIN BODY: The scoping review was guided by the methodological frameworks of Arksey and O’Malley and Levac. An electronic literature search for English-published articles on maxillofacial injuries in adults ≥ 18 years was conducted in Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and grey literature. The PRISMA chart was used to document database searches and screening outcomes while reporting was guided by PRISMA-ScR. The data extraction process revolved around the predefined study outcomes, which encompassed the study characteristics and epidemiological parameters. The review used a narrative approach to report findings and evaluate publication quality using the STROBE checklist. The database search yielded 8246 studies, of which 30 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 7317 participants were included, 79.3% of whom were males. The peak age range for incidence was between 18 and 40 years. Road traffic collision (RTC) was the leading cause of MI, 59% of which resulted from motorcycle collisions. Assault/interpersonal violence ranked as the second leading cause of MI. The mandible was MI’s most frequently affected hard tissue, followed by the midface. Factors such as alcohol/illicit drug use, poor knowledge of traffic regulations, and non-observance of these regulations were associated with MI. In our study, the cost range for mandibular fractures was $200-$468.6, borne by victims and their families. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillofacial injuries are predominantly caused by road traffic collisions and assaults in SSA. The findings can provide valuable insights into policy decisions and prevention strategies aimed at reducing injury burden. Further research is warranted to explore the psychological impact of MI, including PTSD, for tailored support and intervention. Scoping Review Registration The protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework. Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BWVDK. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40621-023-00470-5.
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spelling pubmed-106524462023-11-15 Epidemiology of maxillofacial injury among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review Adeleke, Adekunle I. Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Makhunga, Sizwe Ginindza, Themba G. Inj Epidemiol Review BACKGROUND: Injuries remain one of the leading causes of death globally. These disproportionately affect young adults and are particularly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Maxillofacial injuries (MI) pose significant challenges to public health systems. However, much remains unknown regarding the epidemiology and extent of the financial burden in resource-limited areas, such as SSA, further necessitating more research and support. This scoping review aims to investigate the mechanism, distribution, and financial impact of MI in adults aged ≥ 18 years in SSA. MAIN BODY: The scoping review was guided by the methodological frameworks of Arksey and O’Malley and Levac. An electronic literature search for English-published articles on maxillofacial injuries in adults ≥ 18 years was conducted in Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and grey literature. The PRISMA chart was used to document database searches and screening outcomes while reporting was guided by PRISMA-ScR. The data extraction process revolved around the predefined study outcomes, which encompassed the study characteristics and epidemiological parameters. The review used a narrative approach to report findings and evaluate publication quality using the STROBE checklist. The database search yielded 8246 studies, of which 30 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 7317 participants were included, 79.3% of whom were males. The peak age range for incidence was between 18 and 40 years. Road traffic collision (RTC) was the leading cause of MI, 59% of which resulted from motorcycle collisions. Assault/interpersonal violence ranked as the second leading cause of MI. The mandible was MI’s most frequently affected hard tissue, followed by the midface. Factors such as alcohol/illicit drug use, poor knowledge of traffic regulations, and non-observance of these regulations were associated with MI. In our study, the cost range for mandibular fractures was $200-$468.6, borne by victims and their families. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillofacial injuries are predominantly caused by road traffic collisions and assaults in SSA. The findings can provide valuable insights into policy decisions and prevention strategies aimed at reducing injury burden. Further research is warranted to explore the psychological impact of MI, including PTSD, for tailored support and intervention. Scoping Review Registration The protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework. Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BWVDK. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40621-023-00470-5. BioMed Central 2023-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10652446/ /pubmed/37968736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40621-023-00470-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Adeleke, Adekunle I.
Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni
Makhunga, Sizwe
Ginindza, Themba G.
Epidemiology of maxillofacial injury among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
title Epidemiology of maxillofacial injury among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
title_full Epidemiology of maxillofacial injury among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
title_fullStr Epidemiology of maxillofacial injury among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of maxillofacial injury among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
title_short Epidemiology of maxillofacial injury among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
title_sort epidemiology of maxillofacial injury among adults in sub-saharan africa: a scoping review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10652446/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37968736
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40621-023-00470-5
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