Alterations in Lens Free Water Distribution Are Associated with Shape Deformation in Accommodation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a redistribution of water within the crystalline lens is associated with the shape deformation that occurs during accommodation. DESIGN: Observational, cross sectional study. SUBJECTS: Eleven young adults without presbyopia (aged 18–39 years) and 9 middle-aged adults with presbyopia (aged 40–55 years). METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the lens were acquired on a 3 Tesla clinical MRI scanner, without and with the presentation of a 3 Diopter accommodative stimulus. The MRIs were postprocessed using established methods to extract the geometric dimensions and spatial maps of water distribution of the lens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Accommodative changes in the full 3-dimensional description of lens shape, the lens total-water distribution profile, and the lens free-water distribution profile. RESULTS: Viewing of an accommodative stimulus by young subjects elicited an elastic shape deformation of the lens consistent with accommodation that was associated with an elevated, smoother free-water distribution, primarily in the anterior region of the lens. In contrast, viewing of an accommodative stimulus by presbyopic subjects produced an atypical shape deformation of the lens that was instead associated with a lowered free-water distribution, primarily in the anterior region of the lens. No discernible changes to the lens total-water distribution were observed in response to the accommodative stimulus in either subject cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that protein-mediated alterations in the free-water distribution of the anterior region of the lens influence the shape deformation in accommodation, presenting pharmacological modulation of free-water distribution as an attractive novel approach for treating presbyopia. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.