Phase biasing of a Josephson junction using Rashba–Edelstein effect

A charge-current-induced shift in the spin-locked Fermi surface leads to a non-equilibrium spin density at a Rashba interface, commonly known as the Rashba–Edelstein effect. Since this is an intrinsically interfacial property, direct detection of the spin moment is difficult. Here we demonstrate that a planar Josephson Junction, realized by placing two closely spaced superconducting electrodes over a Rashba interface, allows for a direct detection of the spin moment as an additional phase in the junction. Asymmetric Fraunhofer patterns obtained for Nb-(Pt/Cu)-Nb nano-junctions, due to the locking of Rashba–Edelstein spin moment to the flux quantum in the junction, provide clear signatures of this effect. This simple experiment offers a fresh perspective on direct detection of spin polarization induced by various spin-orbit effects. In addition, this platform also offers a magnetic-field-controlled phase biasing mechanism in conjunction with the Rashba–Edelstein spin-orbit effect for superconducting quantum circuits.