The association between cultural and social occasions and smoking cessation: The case of Saudi Arabia

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use remains high in Saudi Arabia, necessitating an understanding of the influence of cultural and social events on smoking cessation. This study examined whether cultural and social events like Ramadan, Eids, and birthdays, motivate Saudi adults to quit smoking. METHODS: Convenience sampling of 742 Saudi tobacco users was conducted between July 2021 and May 2022. A cross-sectional survey was used to assess self-reported desire to quit (1 = ‘least desire’ to 10 = ‘highest desire’) and behaviors in relation to special occasions. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine the association between cultural and social occasions and the desire to quit, while logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between cultural and social occasions and historical quit attempts, medicinal nicotine product use, visiting smoking cessation clinics, and calling the national Quitline. Demographic variables and tobacco types were controlled for in the analyses. RESULTS: Considering quitting during Ramadan, Eids, and birthdays was associated with a higher desire to quit (Ramadan: B=2.99; 95% CI: 2.51–3.47, Eids: B=2.83; 95% CI: 2.12–3.54, and birthdays: B=2.76; 95% CI: 1.93–3.60, p<0.01) and a greater likelihood of past quit attempts (Ramadan: AOR=8.2; 95% CI: 5.5–12.1, Eids: AOR=5.8; 95% CI: 3.2–10.5, and birthdays: AOR=4.8; 95% CI: 2.4–9.4). Only considering quitting during Ramadan was associated with calling the national Quitline (AOR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.8–4.9). CONCLUSIONS: Cultural and social events like Ramadan and Eids motivate adults in Saudi Arabia to attempt tobacco cessation. Targeting interventions around meaningful cultural occasions may promote successful quitting. These findings highlight the importance of understanding cultural and religious influences on cessation behaviors in Saudi Arabia and in other countries.