How to promote the accessibility of technology in the era of hESC patents—A comparative analysis of the systems of the US and China

We have entered the era of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) patents and the focus of discussion has shifted to how to rebalance interests. A potential way is to limit hESC patents and seek more effective utilization forms, such as ethical limitation, compulsory licensing, antimonopoly law regulation, experimental exception, and open licensing. This paper compares the restrictive measures in two major hESC markets, the United States and China, and explores the possibility of a balanced interests system.