Interrater reliability of the Clinical Frailty Scale in the anesthesia preadmission clinic

PURPOSE: As many as 30% of patients with frailty die, are discharged to a nursing home, or have a new disability after surgery. The 2010 United Kingdom National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death recommended that frailty assessment be developed and included in the routine risk assessment of older surgical patients. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a simple, clinically-assessed frailty measure; however, few studies have investigated interrater reliability of the CFS in the surgical setting. The objective of this study was to determine the interrater reliability of frailty classification between anesthesiologists and perioperative nurses. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study assessing interrater reliability of the CFS between perioperative nurses and anesthesiologists for elective surgical patients aged ≥ 65 yr, admitted to a large regional university-affiliated hospital in Australia between July 2020 and February 2021. Agreement was measured via Cohen’s kappa. RESULTS: Frailty assessment was conducted on 238 patients with a median [interquartile range] age of 74 [70–80] yr. Agreement was perfect between nursing and medical staff for CFS scores in 112 (47%) patients, with a further 99 (42%) differing by only one point. Interrater kappa was 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.63 to 0.77; P < 0.001), suggesting good agreement between anesthesiologists and perioperative nurses. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that CFS assessment by either anesthesiologists or nursing staff is reliable across a population of patients from a range of surgical specialities, with an acceptable degree of agreement. The CFS measurement should be included in the normal preanesthesia clinic workflow.