Cargando…

Barriers of household toilet utilization among toilet owners in a rural area of Northern India: An analytical cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Open defecation continues to prevail among toilet owners despite effective implementation of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin). We conducted this study to determine toilet utilization rates and learn about the barriers to toilet use in the rural areas. By understanding the barriers, phy...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Takhelchangbam, Nilima D., Saxena, Deepanshi, Sachan, Divyata, Jain, Pankaj K., Shukla, Sushil K., Srivastava, Dhiraj K., Bajpai, Prashant K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10657099/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38024903
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_515_23
_version_ 1785137143513874432
author Takhelchangbam, Nilima D.
Saxena, Deepanshi
Sachan, Divyata
Jain, Pankaj K.
Shukla, Sushil K.
Srivastava, Dhiraj K.
Bajpai, Prashant K.
author_facet Takhelchangbam, Nilima D.
Saxena, Deepanshi
Sachan, Divyata
Jain, Pankaj K.
Shukla, Sushil K.
Srivastava, Dhiraj K.
Bajpai, Prashant K.
author_sort Takhelchangbam, Nilima D.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Open defecation continues to prevail among toilet owners despite effective implementation of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin). We conducted this study to determine toilet utilization rates and learn about the barriers to toilet use in the rural areas. By understanding the barriers, physicians can provide targeted education and become better equipped to manage their patients’ conditions and advocate for their demands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study on the households of the rural field practice areas of the department in central Uttar Pradesh by the census method. House listing was procured from the departmental records. The questionnaire was directed at both the household level and individual level. RESULTS: The proportion of households with access to a toilet was found to be 91.1% of which 504 households were included in the study. Among the toilet owners, 115 (22.8%) households were not using toilets exclusively by all the members. At the individual level, age groups (of 20–59 years, and ≥60 years) and female gender were found to be significantly associated with open defecation. At the household level, government assistance for toilet construction and livestock keeping was found to be associated with open defecation. Major barriers to toilet use were childhood habits, dearth of toilets in the farming grounds/workplace, women during menstruation and having a non-functional toilet. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that merely installing a household toilet does not ensure exclusive utilization of toilet and the practice of open defecation might continue to be prevalent if corrective measures are not undertaken.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10657099
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-106570992023-09-01 Barriers of household toilet utilization among toilet owners in a rural area of Northern India: An analytical cross-sectional study Takhelchangbam, Nilima D. Saxena, Deepanshi Sachan, Divyata Jain, Pankaj K. Shukla, Sushil K. Srivastava, Dhiraj K. Bajpai, Prashant K. J Family Med Prim Care Original Article BACKGROUND: Open defecation continues to prevail among toilet owners despite effective implementation of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin). We conducted this study to determine toilet utilization rates and learn about the barriers to toilet use in the rural areas. By understanding the barriers, physicians can provide targeted education and become better equipped to manage their patients’ conditions and advocate for their demands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study on the households of the rural field practice areas of the department in central Uttar Pradesh by the census method. House listing was procured from the departmental records. The questionnaire was directed at both the household level and individual level. RESULTS: The proportion of households with access to a toilet was found to be 91.1% of which 504 households were included in the study. Among the toilet owners, 115 (22.8%) households were not using toilets exclusively by all the members. At the individual level, age groups (of 20–59 years, and ≥60 years) and female gender were found to be significantly associated with open defecation. At the household level, government assistance for toilet construction and livestock keeping was found to be associated with open defecation. Major barriers to toilet use were childhood habits, dearth of toilets in the farming grounds/workplace, women during menstruation and having a non-functional toilet. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that merely installing a household toilet does not ensure exclusive utilization of toilet and the practice of open defecation might continue to be prevalent if corrective measures are not undertaken. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2023-09 2023-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10657099/ /pubmed/38024903 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_515_23 Text en Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Takhelchangbam, Nilima D.
Saxena, Deepanshi
Sachan, Divyata
Jain, Pankaj K.
Shukla, Sushil K.
Srivastava, Dhiraj K.
Bajpai, Prashant K.
Barriers of household toilet utilization among toilet owners in a rural area of Northern India: An analytical cross-sectional study
title Barriers of household toilet utilization among toilet owners in a rural area of Northern India: An analytical cross-sectional study
title_full Barriers of household toilet utilization among toilet owners in a rural area of Northern India: An analytical cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Barriers of household toilet utilization among toilet owners in a rural area of Northern India: An analytical cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Barriers of household toilet utilization among toilet owners in a rural area of Northern India: An analytical cross-sectional study
title_short Barriers of household toilet utilization among toilet owners in a rural area of Northern India: An analytical cross-sectional study
title_sort barriers of household toilet utilization among toilet owners in a rural area of northern india: an analytical cross-sectional study
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10657099/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38024903
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_515_23
work_keys_str_mv AT takhelchangbamnilimad barriersofhouseholdtoiletutilizationamongtoiletownersinaruralareaofnorthernindiaananalyticalcrosssectionalstudy
AT saxenadeepanshi barriersofhouseholdtoiletutilizationamongtoiletownersinaruralareaofnorthernindiaananalyticalcrosssectionalstudy
AT sachandivyata barriersofhouseholdtoiletutilizationamongtoiletownersinaruralareaofnorthernindiaananalyticalcrosssectionalstudy
AT jainpankajk barriersofhouseholdtoiletutilizationamongtoiletownersinaruralareaofnorthernindiaananalyticalcrosssectionalstudy
AT shuklasushilk barriersofhouseholdtoiletutilizationamongtoiletownersinaruralareaofnorthernindiaananalyticalcrosssectionalstudy
AT srivastavadhirajk barriersofhouseholdtoiletutilizationamongtoiletownersinaruralareaofnorthernindiaananalyticalcrosssectionalstudy
AT bajpaiprashantk barriersofhouseholdtoiletutilizationamongtoiletownersinaruralareaofnorthernindiaananalyticalcrosssectionalstudy