Socioeconomic Inequality in Screen Time, Phone, and Tablet Use among Iranian Adolescents: Results of A National Study

BACKGROUND: Excessive screen time has been associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. We aimed to evaluate screen time and phone and tablet use in Iranian adolescents and their relation to the socioeconomic status of adolescents’ families in 2018. METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 10-12-year-old adolescents from Kurdistan, Fars, and Markazi provinces. Cluster sampling was used for sampling. Data were collected by completing demographic questionnaires, calculating the BMI of adolescents and phone and tablet use, screen time, and socioeconomic status of the families. We used linear and logistic regression to estimate the final model. The concentration index was used to measure inequality and the Oaxaca decomposition to examine the different determinants of the inequality. RESULTS: 1590 adolescents (52.58% boys) were enrolled in our study. Screen time activities were significantly higher in boys, older adolescents, higher BMIs, more educated mothers, and 35< year-old fathers (P < 0.05). The use of mobile phones and tablets was significantly higher among boys, ten-year-olds, families with four or fewer members, higher BMIs, adolescents with higher levels of parental education, and more educated mothers (P < 0.05). In addition, the concentration index for screen time activities (C = 0.083) and phone and tablet use (C = 0.536) showed that screen time and phone and tablet use activities were higher in adolescents with high socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: Screen time, phone and tablet use were higher in adolescents with high socioeconomic status. Also, many other factors like gender, age, BMI, parents' education and age can affect screen time, phone and tablet use in adolescents.