Putative novel outer membrane antigens multi-epitope DNA vaccine candidates identified by Immunoinformatic approaches to control Acinetobacter baumannii

Multi-epitope polypeptide vaccines, a fusion protein, often have a string-of-beads system composed of various specific peptide epitopes, potential adjuvants, and linkers. When choosing the sequence of various segments and linkers, many alternatives are available. These variables can influence the vaccine’s effectiveness through their effects on physicochemical properties and polypeptide tertiary structure. The most conserved antigens were discovered using BLASTn. To forecast the proteins’ subcellular distribution, PSORTb 3.0.2 was used. Vaxign was used for the preliminary screening and antigenicity assessment. Protein solubility was also predicted using the ccSOL omics. Using PRED-TMBB, it was anticipated that the protein would localize across membranes. The IEDB and BepiPred-2.0 databases were used to predict the immunogenicity of B cell epitopes. A multi-epitope construct was developed and analyzed to evaluate. Twenty epitopes from A. baumannii’s outer membrane protein (omp) were included in the vaccination. TLR4 agonist explosibility was investigated. The physicochemical characteristics, secondary and tertiary structures, and B-cell epitopes of vaccine constructs were assessed. Additionally, docking and MD experiments were used to examine the relationship between TLR4 and its agonist. Thirteen antigens were discovered, and eight of the 13 chosen proteins were predicted to be surface proteins. The 34 kDa outer membrane protein, Omp38, Omp W, CarO, putative porin, OmpA, were chosen as having the right antigenicity (≥0.5). FhuE and CdiA were eliminated from further study because of their low antigenicity. The vaccine design was developed by combining the most effective 10 B-cell and 10 MHC-I/MHCII combined coverage epitopes. The molecular formula of the vaccine was determined to be C1718H2615N507O630S17. The vaccine form has a molecular weight of 40,996.70 Da and 47 negatively charged residues (Asp + Glu), whereas 28 positively charged residues (Arg + Lys). The estimated half-life was 7.2 hours (mammalian reticulocytes, in vitro), > 20 hours (yeast, in vivo) and > 10 hours (Escherichia coli, in vivo) for the vaccine. The multi-epitope vaccine insertion is carried via the expression vector pcDNA3.1 (+). The multi-epitope vaccine may stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses, according to our findings, and it may be a candidate for an A. baumannii vaccine. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-023-00585-w.