Effect of wheat dextrin on corn flour extrusion characteristics

Wheat dextrin is a modified wheat starch, classified as water-soluble. This study investigated the effect of wheat dextrin as an ingredient in corn flour blends on extrusion characteristics. Blends were prepared at 0, 10 and 20 % fibre content. DOE was used to design experiments and investigate the effects of variables selected to be studied. Feed moisture content was set at 18–25 %, temperature at 110–150 °C and specific feeding load at 0.100–0.150kg/rev. Moisture content, water absorption and solubility indices, color, sectional expansion index, density, hardness, crispiness (work (W(c)) and number of spatial ruptures (N(sr))) and specific mechanical energy were evaluated. A regression model was established using response surface methodology, and processing conditions for optimal quality were generated (e.g., WSI: 96.9 %, SME: 96.9 %, final MC: 93.9 %). Wheat dextrin solubility characteristics for moisture content, WAI and WSI were inconclusive, showing a high tendency to insoluble behavior. For expansion, lightness and SME characteristics depended on processing conditions, especially temperature. Crispness was highest at low MC (18.87 %) x high fiber content (20 %) (e.g., N(sr): 1.2–1.5/mm), whereas values were the lowest at high MC (25.70 %) x low fiber content (0 %) (e.g., N(sr): 0.5–0.7/mm). Optimal conditions were set at 12 % fiber content, 19 % feed moisture content, 130 °C and a specific feeding load of 0.146 kg/rev. This study showed that it is impossible to classify wheat dextrin as acting strictly according to soluble fiber characteristics based on extrudate characteristics.