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Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs
BACKGROUND: Urine is routinely evaluated in dogs to assess health. Reference ranges for many urine properties are well established, but the scope of variation in these properties over time within healthy dogs is not well characterized. OBJECTIVES: Longitudinally characterize urine properties in heal...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10658500/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37682015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16860 |
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author | McGlynn, Andrew Mrofchak, Ryan Madan, Rushil Madden, Christopher Jahid, Mohammad Jawad Mollenkopf, Dixie Wittum, Thomas Justice, Sheryl S. Rudinsky, Adam Hokamp, Jessica Hale, Vanessa |
author_facet | McGlynn, Andrew Mrofchak, Ryan Madan, Rushil Madden, Christopher Jahid, Mohammad Jawad Mollenkopf, Dixie Wittum, Thomas Justice, Sheryl S. Rudinsky, Adam Hokamp, Jessica Hale, Vanessa |
author_sort | McGlynn, Andrew |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Urine is routinely evaluated in dogs to assess health. Reference ranges for many urine properties are well established, but the scope of variation in these properties over time within healthy dogs is not well characterized. OBJECTIVES: Longitudinally characterize urine properties in healthy dogs over 3 months. ANIMALS: Fourteen healthy client‐owned dogs. METHODS: In this prospective study, dogs were evaluated for health; then, mid‐stream free‐catch urine was collected from each dog at 12 timepoints over 3 months. Urine pH, urine specific gravity (USG), protein, cultures, and antimicrobial resistance profiles were assessed at each timepoint. RESULTS: Urine pH varied within and between dogs over time (Friedman's test: within P = .03; between P < .005). However, USG, protein, and bacterial diversity of urine were consistent within dogs over time, and only varied between dogs (Kruskal‐Wallis: between all P < .005). Antimicrobial resistant isolates were identified in 12 out of 14 dogs with 34 of 48 of the isolates demonstrating resistance to amoxicillin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Urine pH should be assessed at multiple timepoints via pH meter before making clinical decisions. Mid‐stream free‐catch urine with high concentrations of bacteria (>10(5) CFU/mL) should not be considered the only indicator of urinary tract infection. Bacterial isolates from dogs in this study had widespread resistance to amoxicillin/oxacillin underscoring the need for antimicrobial stewardship. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10658500 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106585002023-09-08 Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs McGlynn, Andrew Mrofchak, Ryan Madan, Rushil Madden, Christopher Jahid, Mohammad Jawad Mollenkopf, Dixie Wittum, Thomas Justice, Sheryl S. Rudinsky, Adam Hokamp, Jessica Hale, Vanessa J Vet Intern Med SMALL ANIMAL BACKGROUND: Urine is routinely evaluated in dogs to assess health. Reference ranges for many urine properties are well established, but the scope of variation in these properties over time within healthy dogs is not well characterized. OBJECTIVES: Longitudinally characterize urine properties in healthy dogs over 3 months. ANIMALS: Fourteen healthy client‐owned dogs. METHODS: In this prospective study, dogs were evaluated for health; then, mid‐stream free‐catch urine was collected from each dog at 12 timepoints over 3 months. Urine pH, urine specific gravity (USG), protein, cultures, and antimicrobial resistance profiles were assessed at each timepoint. RESULTS: Urine pH varied within and between dogs over time (Friedman's test: within P = .03; between P < .005). However, USG, protein, and bacterial diversity of urine were consistent within dogs over time, and only varied between dogs (Kruskal‐Wallis: between all P < .005). Antimicrobial resistant isolates were identified in 12 out of 14 dogs with 34 of 48 of the isolates demonstrating resistance to amoxicillin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Urine pH should be assessed at multiple timepoints via pH meter before making clinical decisions. Mid‐stream free‐catch urine with high concentrations of bacteria (>10(5) CFU/mL) should not be considered the only indicator of urinary tract infection. Bacterial isolates from dogs in this study had widespread resistance to amoxicillin/oxacillin underscoring the need for antimicrobial stewardship. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2023-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10658500/ /pubmed/37682015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16860 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | SMALL ANIMAL McGlynn, Andrew Mrofchak, Ryan Madan, Rushil Madden, Christopher Jahid, Mohammad Jawad Mollenkopf, Dixie Wittum, Thomas Justice, Sheryl S. Rudinsky, Adam Hokamp, Jessica Hale, Vanessa Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
title | Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
title_full | Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
title_fullStr | Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
title_short | Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
title_sort | longitudinal examination of urine ph, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
topic | SMALL ANIMAL |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10658500/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37682015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16860 |
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