Adenomyoma recurrence 7 years after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy: A case report and literature review

RATIONALE: Adenomyosis, a gynecological condition characterized by endometrial tissue within the uterine myometrium, often leads to menstrual pain and heavy bleeding, significantly affecting the quality of life. The primary treatment for adenomyosis and leiomyomas is hysterectomy. However, in rare instances, these conditions can recur in the cervical stump following a hysterectomy. Here, we present a case of cervical adenomyoma development after a prior laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 47-year-old woman sought medical attention due to increased vaginal bleeding. DIAGNOSES: She had undergone a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy 7 years earlier to address uterine myoma and adenomyosis. Just 1 month posthysterectomy, a pelvic ultrasound revealed the presence of a cervical stump measuring approximately 4.0 × 4.0 cm. Subsequent follow-up ultrasounds documented the gradual growth of the cervical mass. Two years ago, a recurrent myoma was identified, and the patient experienced intermittent vaginal bleeding. Over 7 years, the cervical mass increased from 4 to 7 cm. Preadmission pelvic ultrasonography confirmed the existence of cervical adenomyoma measuring 7 × 6 cm. INTERVENTIONS: Consequently, the patient underwent a laparoscopic trachelectomy. Intraoperatively, an enlarged cervix, approximately 7 × 6 cm in size, containing adenomyoma was observed. A gross examination of the specimen indicated hypertrophic muscle tissue and hemorrhagic foci. Subsequent histopathological examination confirmed the presence of adenomyoma. OUTCOMES: Remarkably, the patient exhibited no recurrence over the subsequent 8 months. LESSONS: The case presented here highlights the potential occurrence of cervical adenomyoma following a supracervical hysterectomy. Management options include hormone therapy and surgical excision. Furthermore, annual follow-up comprising ultrasound and pap smear evaluations is recommended for patients with supracervical hysterectomies to detect and address possible recurrences.