Reliability and validity of eye–hand coordination pointing tests for older adults

To examine the reliability and validity of eye–hand coordination pointing with pencil test (EHCPPT), which evaluates the spatial and temporal displacement of rhythmic movements. One hundred and thirty-five older adults participated in our study. Reproducibility of the EHCPPT was assessed by the participants tapping on the center of the circles using a tablet pen in response to 2 types of stimulus sound sequences (Test A and B) across 2 separate trials, the first and second half. Construct validity was assessed by comparison in the distances between ultimate and current processing abilities, based on the spatial and temporal displacement relationship across Test A and Test B. Concurrent validity was assessed by examining the relationship between the distances between ultimate and current processing abilities and the motor and cognitive functions. Spatial and temporal displacements showed an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient in both Tests A and B of EHCPPT. The distance between ultimate and current processing ability, based on the relationship of spatial and temporal displacement, was significantly shorter in Test A compared to Test B. Spatial and temporal displacements were correlated with motor and cognitive functions. The spatial and temporal displacements of EHCPPT indicated reproducibility and validity in older adults. The EHCPPT may serve as a rhythmic movement reflecting motor and cognitive functions.