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Metabolic insights and background from naturally affected pigs during Streptococcus suis outbreaks

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an endemic zoonotic pathogen still lacking adequate prevention in pigs. The present case study looked back to the occurrence and consequences of S. suis outbreaks in our swine research facilities in search of new metabolic and physiological insight. From a series of o...

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Autores principales: Fabà, Lluís, Aragon, Virginia, Litjens, Ralph, Galofré-Milà, Núria, Segura, Mariela, Gottschalk, Marcelo, Doelman, John
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10660374/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38023423
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txad126
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author Fabà, Lluís
Aragon, Virginia
Litjens, Ralph
Galofré-Milà, Núria
Segura, Mariela
Gottschalk, Marcelo
Doelman, John
author_facet Fabà, Lluís
Aragon, Virginia
Litjens, Ralph
Galofré-Milà, Núria
Segura, Mariela
Gottschalk, Marcelo
Doelman, John
author_sort Fabà, Lluís
collection PubMed
description Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an endemic zoonotic pathogen still lacking adequate prevention in pigs. The present case study looked back to the occurrence and consequences of S. suis outbreaks in our swine research facilities in search of new metabolic and physiological insight. From a series of outbreaks, a dataset was created including 56 pigs sampled during disease detection based on clinical signs. Pigs suspected with S. suis infection were defined as diseased (n = 28) and included pigs defined as neurologically diseased (n = 20) when severe neurological signs (central nervous system dysfunctions, i.e., opisthotonos, ataxia, and generalized tremor) were observed. Another set of 28 pigs included respective pen mates from each case and were defined as control. Representative deaths were confirmed to be caused by S. suis. Tonsillar swabs were collected and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for total bacteria, total S. suis, and S. suis serotypes (SS) 2 (and/or 1/2) and 9. Blood and sera were analyzed to quantify blood gases, minerals, and S. suis reactive immunoglobulins against current isolates. Data collected included litter sibling associations, birth and weaning body weight (BW), and average daily gain (ADG) 7 d after the disease detection. In general, the disease increased pH, sO(2) and the incidence of alkalosis, but reduced pCO(2), glucose, Ca, P, Mg, K, and Na in blood/serum compared to control. The SS2 (and/or SS1/2) prevalence was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in neurologically diseased pigs and its relative abundance tended (P < 0.10) to increase in tonsils. In contrast, the relative abundance of total S. suis was lower (P > 0.05) in diseased pigs than control pigs. Levels of S. suis reactive IgG2 were lower, but IgM were higher (P < 0.03) in neurologically affected pigs compared to control. Furthermore, there was an increased proportion of sibling pigs that were diseased compared to control. In conclusion, our results evidence that naturally affected pigs were associated to average performing pigs without any predisease trait to highlight but a sow/litter effect. Besides, neurologically affected pigs had increased S. suis (SS2 and/or 1/2) prevalence and relative abundance, a respiratory alkalosis profile, and mineral loss.
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spelling pubmed-106603742023-11-06 Metabolic insights and background from naturally affected pigs during Streptococcus suis outbreaks Fabà, Lluís Aragon, Virginia Litjens, Ralph Galofré-Milà, Núria Segura, Mariela Gottschalk, Marcelo Doelman, John Transl Anim Sci Integrated Animal Science Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an endemic zoonotic pathogen still lacking adequate prevention in pigs. The present case study looked back to the occurrence and consequences of S. suis outbreaks in our swine research facilities in search of new metabolic and physiological insight. From a series of outbreaks, a dataset was created including 56 pigs sampled during disease detection based on clinical signs. Pigs suspected with S. suis infection were defined as diseased (n = 28) and included pigs defined as neurologically diseased (n = 20) when severe neurological signs (central nervous system dysfunctions, i.e., opisthotonos, ataxia, and generalized tremor) were observed. Another set of 28 pigs included respective pen mates from each case and were defined as control. Representative deaths were confirmed to be caused by S. suis. Tonsillar swabs were collected and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for total bacteria, total S. suis, and S. suis serotypes (SS) 2 (and/or 1/2) and 9. Blood and sera were analyzed to quantify blood gases, minerals, and S. suis reactive immunoglobulins against current isolates. Data collected included litter sibling associations, birth and weaning body weight (BW), and average daily gain (ADG) 7 d after the disease detection. In general, the disease increased pH, sO(2) and the incidence of alkalosis, but reduced pCO(2), glucose, Ca, P, Mg, K, and Na in blood/serum compared to control. The SS2 (and/or SS1/2) prevalence was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in neurologically diseased pigs and its relative abundance tended (P < 0.10) to increase in tonsils. In contrast, the relative abundance of total S. suis was lower (P > 0.05) in diseased pigs than control pigs. Levels of S. suis reactive IgG2 were lower, but IgM were higher (P < 0.03) in neurologically affected pigs compared to control. Furthermore, there was an increased proportion of sibling pigs that were diseased compared to control. In conclusion, our results evidence that naturally affected pigs were associated to average performing pigs without any predisease trait to highlight but a sow/litter effect. Besides, neurologically affected pigs had increased S. suis (SS2 and/or 1/2) prevalence and relative abundance, a respiratory alkalosis profile, and mineral loss. Oxford University Press 2023-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10660374/ /pubmed/38023423 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txad126 Text en © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Integrated Animal Science
Fabà, Lluís
Aragon, Virginia
Litjens, Ralph
Galofré-Milà, Núria
Segura, Mariela
Gottschalk, Marcelo
Doelman, John
Metabolic insights and background from naturally affected pigs during Streptococcus suis outbreaks
title Metabolic insights and background from naturally affected pigs during Streptococcus suis outbreaks
title_full Metabolic insights and background from naturally affected pigs during Streptococcus suis outbreaks
title_fullStr Metabolic insights and background from naturally affected pigs during Streptococcus suis outbreaks
title_full_unstemmed Metabolic insights and background from naturally affected pigs during Streptococcus suis outbreaks
title_short Metabolic insights and background from naturally affected pigs during Streptococcus suis outbreaks
title_sort metabolic insights and background from naturally affected pigs during streptococcus suis outbreaks
topic Integrated Animal Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10660374/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38023423
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txad126
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