Cancer and Obesity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022

BACKGROUND: This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) provides an overview of cancer and increased body fat. METHODS: The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. RESULTS: Topics include the increased risk of cancers among patients with obesity, cancer risk factor population-attributable fractions, genetic and epigenetic links between obesity and cancer, adiposopathic and mechanistic processes accounting for increased cancer risk among patients with obesity, the role of oxidative stress, and obesity-related cancers based upon Mendelian randomization and observational studies. Other topics include nutritional and physical activity principles for patients with obesity who either have cancer or are at risk for cancer, and preventive care as it relates to cancer and obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is the second most common preventable cause of cancer and may be the most common preventable cause of cancer among nonsmokers. This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on cancer is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of obesity. Patients with obesity are at greater risk of developing certain types of cancers, and treatment of obesity may influence the risk, onset, progression, and recurrence of cancer in patients with obesity.