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Do robots outperform humans in human-centered domains?

The incessant progress of robotic technology and rationalization of human manpower induces high expectations in society, but also resentment and even fear. In this paper, we present a quantitative normalized comparison of performance, to shine a light onto the pressing question, “How close is the cu...

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Autores principales: Riener, Robert, Rabezzana, Luca, Zimmermann, Yves
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10661952/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38023587
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1223946
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author Riener, Robert
Rabezzana, Luca
Zimmermann, Yves
author_facet Riener, Robert
Rabezzana, Luca
Zimmermann, Yves
author_sort Riener, Robert
collection PubMed
description The incessant progress of robotic technology and rationalization of human manpower induces high expectations in society, but also resentment and even fear. In this paper, we present a quantitative normalized comparison of performance, to shine a light onto the pressing question, “How close is the current state of humanoid robotics to outperforming humans in their typical functions (e.g., locomotion, manipulation), and their underlying structures (e.g., actuators/muscles) in human-centered domains?” This is the most comprehensive comparison of the literature so far. Most state-of-the-art robotic structures required for visual, tactile, or vestibular perception outperform human structures at the cost of slightly higher mass and volume. Electromagnetic and fluidic actuation outperform human muscles w.r.t. speed, endurance, force density, and power density, excluding components for energy storage and conversion. Artificial joints and links can compete with the human skeleton. In contrast, the comparison of locomotion functions shows that robots are trailing behind in energy efficiency, operational time, and transportation costs. Robots are capable of obstacle negotiation, object manipulation, swimming, playing soccer, or vehicle operation. Despite the impressive advances of humanoid robots in the last two decades, current robots are not yet reaching the dexterity and versatility to cope with more complex manipulation and locomotion tasks (e.g., in confined spaces). We conclude that state-of-the-art humanoid robotics is far from matching the dexterity and versatility of human beings. Despite the outperforming technical structures, robot functions are inferior to human ones, even with tethered robots that could place heavy auxiliary components off-board. The persistent advances in robotics let us anticipate the diminishing of the gap.
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spelling pubmed-106619522023-11-07 Do robots outperform humans in human-centered domains? Riener, Robert Rabezzana, Luca Zimmermann, Yves Front Robot AI Robotics and AI The incessant progress of robotic technology and rationalization of human manpower induces high expectations in society, but also resentment and even fear. In this paper, we present a quantitative normalized comparison of performance, to shine a light onto the pressing question, “How close is the current state of humanoid robotics to outperforming humans in their typical functions (e.g., locomotion, manipulation), and their underlying structures (e.g., actuators/muscles) in human-centered domains?” This is the most comprehensive comparison of the literature so far. Most state-of-the-art robotic structures required for visual, tactile, or vestibular perception outperform human structures at the cost of slightly higher mass and volume. Electromagnetic and fluidic actuation outperform human muscles w.r.t. speed, endurance, force density, and power density, excluding components for energy storage and conversion. Artificial joints and links can compete with the human skeleton. In contrast, the comparison of locomotion functions shows that robots are trailing behind in energy efficiency, operational time, and transportation costs. Robots are capable of obstacle negotiation, object manipulation, swimming, playing soccer, or vehicle operation. Despite the impressive advances of humanoid robots in the last two decades, current robots are not yet reaching the dexterity and versatility to cope with more complex manipulation and locomotion tasks (e.g., in confined spaces). We conclude that state-of-the-art humanoid robotics is far from matching the dexterity and versatility of human beings. Despite the outperforming technical structures, robot functions are inferior to human ones, even with tethered robots that could place heavy auxiliary components off-board. The persistent advances in robotics let us anticipate the diminishing of the gap. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-11-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10661952/ /pubmed/38023587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1223946 Text en Copyright © 2023 Riener, Rabezzana and Zimmermann. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Robotics and AI
Riener, Robert
Rabezzana, Luca
Zimmermann, Yves
Do robots outperform humans in human-centered domains?
title Do robots outperform humans in human-centered domains?
title_full Do robots outperform humans in human-centered domains?
title_fullStr Do robots outperform humans in human-centered domains?
title_full_unstemmed Do robots outperform humans in human-centered domains?
title_short Do robots outperform humans in human-centered domains?
title_sort do robots outperform humans in human-centered domains?
topic Robotics and AI
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10661952/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38023587
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1223946
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