Cargando…

Nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and in vitro evaluation

Nanoparticles (NPs) physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, surface chemistry, charge, etc., play a critical role in biological systems interactions, which include NPs' cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, and toxicity. Although nano-bio interactions are multifaceted and complex,...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Toscano, Fernanda, Torres-Arias, Marbel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663637/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38020531
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100073
_version_ 1785138444935102464
author Toscano, Fernanda
Torres-Arias, Marbel
author_facet Toscano, Fernanda
Torres-Arias, Marbel
author_sort Toscano, Fernanda
collection PubMed
description Nanoparticles (NPs) physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, surface chemistry, charge, etc., play a critical role in biological systems interactions, which include NPs' cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, and toxicity. Although nano-bio interactions are multifaceted and complex, their assessment is essential for future therapeutic and diagnostic use since being carriers that deliver specific molecules (i.e., active pharmaceutical ingredients and imaging agents) in intracellular sites. The journey of NPs begins by reaching the plasma membrane and entering the cell mainly through endocytosis. After vesicles pinch off the cell membrane, the intracellular trafficking is mediated by a network of cellular endosomes which direct NPs to the different cellular components. Otherwise, NPs or their contents are released into the cytoplasm. In both cases, NPs can pass undetected or be recognized by the cell leading to a pro or anti-inflammatory response. Indeed, the cell response mostly depends on cell type and NPs physicochemical properties. The principal mechanism by which NPs activate the cell response is RONS production. Other mechanism includes signaling pathways modulation related to metabolic and enzymatic reactions, cell transduction, and immune modulation. Hence, the underlying mechanisms of cellular and subcellular interactions in vitro should be performed to provide insights into NPs' effect. This information helps us to improve their synthesis and design to maximize the clinical benefits while minimizing side effects. Most in vitro tests to evaluate NPs' effect in cells were developed focusing on cell dysfunctions, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, immunogenicity, and cell death.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10663637
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Elsevier
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-106636372023-11-09 Nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and in vitro evaluation Toscano, Fernanda Torres-Arias, Marbel Curr Res Immunol Review Article Nanoparticles (NPs) physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, surface chemistry, charge, etc., play a critical role in biological systems interactions, which include NPs' cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, and toxicity. Although nano-bio interactions are multifaceted and complex, their assessment is essential for future therapeutic and diagnostic use since being carriers that deliver specific molecules (i.e., active pharmaceutical ingredients and imaging agents) in intracellular sites. The journey of NPs begins by reaching the plasma membrane and entering the cell mainly through endocytosis. After vesicles pinch off the cell membrane, the intracellular trafficking is mediated by a network of cellular endosomes which direct NPs to the different cellular components. Otherwise, NPs or their contents are released into the cytoplasm. In both cases, NPs can pass undetected or be recognized by the cell leading to a pro or anti-inflammatory response. Indeed, the cell response mostly depends on cell type and NPs physicochemical properties. The principal mechanism by which NPs activate the cell response is RONS production. Other mechanism includes signaling pathways modulation related to metabolic and enzymatic reactions, cell transduction, and immune modulation. Hence, the underlying mechanisms of cellular and subcellular interactions in vitro should be performed to provide insights into NPs' effect. This information helps us to improve their synthesis and design to maximize the clinical benefits while minimizing side effects. Most in vitro tests to evaluate NPs' effect in cells were developed focusing on cell dysfunctions, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, immunogenicity, and cell death. Elsevier 2023-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10663637/ /pubmed/38020531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100073 Text en © 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review Article
Toscano, Fernanda
Torres-Arias, Marbel
Nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and in vitro evaluation
title Nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and in vitro evaluation
title_full Nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and in vitro evaluation
title_fullStr Nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and in vitro evaluation
title_full_unstemmed Nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and in vitro evaluation
title_short Nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and in vitro evaluation
title_sort nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and in vitro evaluation
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663637/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38020531
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100073
work_keys_str_mv AT toscanofernanda nanoparticlescellularuptaketraffickingactivationtoxicityandinvitroevaluation
AT torresariasmarbel nanoparticlescellularuptaketraffickingactivationtoxicityandinvitroevaluation