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Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been found to exhibit pathogenic characteristics and be a possible cause of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 vaccines utilize a modified, stabilized prefusion spike protein that may share similar toxic effects with i...

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Autores principales: Hulscher, Nicolas, Procter, Brian C, Wynn, Cade, McCullough, Peter A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663976/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38024037
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49204
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author Hulscher, Nicolas
Procter, Brian C
Wynn, Cade
McCullough, Peter A
author_facet Hulscher, Nicolas
Procter, Brian C
Wynn, Cade
McCullough, Peter A
author_sort Hulscher, Nicolas
collection PubMed
description The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been found to exhibit pathogenic characteristics and be a possible cause of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 vaccines utilize a modified, stabilized prefusion spike protein that may share similar toxic effects with its viral counterpart. The aim of this study is to investigate possible mechanisms of harm to biological systems from SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and vaccine-encoded spike protein and to propose possible mitigation strategies. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and ‘grey literature’ to find studies that (1) investigated the effects of the spike protein on biological systems, (2) helped differentiate between viral and vaccine-generated spike proteins, and (3) identified possible spike protein detoxification protocols and compounds that had signals of benefit and acceptable safety profiles. We found abundant evidence that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein may cause damage in the cardiovascular, hematological, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and immunological systems. Viral and vaccine-encoded spike proteins have been shown to play a direct role in cardiovascular and thrombotic injuries from both SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination. Detection of spike protein for at least 6-15 months after vaccination and infection in those with post-acute sequelae indicates spike protein as a possible primary contributing factor to long COVID. We rationalized that these findings give support to the potential benefit of spike protein detoxification protocols in those with long-term post-infection and/or vaccine-induced complications. We propose a base spike detoxification protocol, composed of oral nattokinase, bromelain, and curcumin. This approach holds immense promise as a base of clinical care, upon which additional therapeutic agents are applied with the goal of aiding in the resolution of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Large-scale, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are warranted in order to determine the relative risks and benefits of the base spike detoxification protocol.
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spelling pubmed-106639762023-11-21 Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination Hulscher, Nicolas Procter, Brian C Wynn, Cade McCullough, Peter A Cureus Internal Medicine The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been found to exhibit pathogenic characteristics and be a possible cause of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 vaccines utilize a modified, stabilized prefusion spike protein that may share similar toxic effects with its viral counterpart. The aim of this study is to investigate possible mechanisms of harm to biological systems from SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and vaccine-encoded spike protein and to propose possible mitigation strategies. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and ‘grey literature’ to find studies that (1) investigated the effects of the spike protein on biological systems, (2) helped differentiate between viral and vaccine-generated spike proteins, and (3) identified possible spike protein detoxification protocols and compounds that had signals of benefit and acceptable safety profiles. We found abundant evidence that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein may cause damage in the cardiovascular, hematological, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and immunological systems. Viral and vaccine-encoded spike proteins have been shown to play a direct role in cardiovascular and thrombotic injuries from both SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination. Detection of spike protein for at least 6-15 months after vaccination and infection in those with post-acute sequelae indicates spike protein as a possible primary contributing factor to long COVID. We rationalized that these findings give support to the potential benefit of spike protein detoxification protocols in those with long-term post-infection and/or vaccine-induced complications. We propose a base spike detoxification protocol, composed of oral nattokinase, bromelain, and curcumin. This approach holds immense promise as a base of clinical care, upon which additional therapeutic agents are applied with the goal of aiding in the resolution of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Large-scale, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are warranted in order to determine the relative risks and benefits of the base spike detoxification protocol. Cureus 2023-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10663976/ /pubmed/38024037 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49204 Text en Copyright © 2023, Hulscher et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Hulscher, Nicolas
Procter, Brian C
Wynn, Cade
McCullough, Peter A
Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination
title Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination
title_full Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination
title_fullStr Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination
title_short Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination
title_sort clinical approach to post-acute sequelae after covid-19 infection and vaccination
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663976/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38024037
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49204
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