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The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review

Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world’s population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a s...

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Autores principales: Neto, Alexandre, Fernandes, Adelaide, Barateiro, Andreia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10665538/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38026693
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2023.1294420
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author Neto, Alexandre
Fernandes, Adelaide
Barateiro, Andreia
author_facet Neto, Alexandre
Fernandes, Adelaide
Barateiro, Andreia
author_sort Neto, Alexandre
collection PubMed
description Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world’s population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a simple storage depot, is now recognized as a complex organ with various functions, including hormone regulation and modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and homeostasis. Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s (AD), and Parkinson’s (PD). Mechanistically, reduced adipose expandability leads to hypertrophic adipocytes, triggering inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered brain metabolism, neuronal inflammation, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Obesity impacts neurodegenerative disorders through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a modifiable risk factor for these diseases. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully grasp the intricate connections between obesity and neurodegeneration. Collaborative efforts in this field hold promise for innovative strategies to address this complex relationship and develop effective prevention and treatment methods, which also includes specific diets and physical activities, ultimately improving quality of life and health.
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spelling pubmed-106655382023-01-01 The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review Neto, Alexandre Fernandes, Adelaide Barateiro, Andreia Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world’s population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a simple storage depot, is now recognized as a complex organ with various functions, including hormone regulation and modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and homeostasis. Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s (AD), and Parkinson’s (PD). Mechanistically, reduced adipose expandability leads to hypertrophic adipocytes, triggering inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered brain metabolism, neuronal inflammation, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Obesity impacts neurodegenerative disorders through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a modifiable risk factor for these diseases. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully grasp the intricate connections between obesity and neurodegeneration. Collaborative efforts in this field hold promise for innovative strategies to address this complex relationship and develop effective prevention and treatment methods, which also includes specific diets and physical activities, ultimately improving quality of life and health. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10665538/ /pubmed/38026693 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2023.1294420 Text en Copyright © 2023 Neto, Fernandes and Barateiro. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Neto, Alexandre
Fernandes, Adelaide
Barateiro, Andreia
The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review
title The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review
title_full The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review
title_fullStr The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review
title_full_unstemmed The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review
title_short The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review
title_sort complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10665538/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38026693
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2023.1294420
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