Pattern and Frequency of Nosocomial Infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at East Jeddah General Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Background Because of the use of invasive devices and procedures in critically sick patients, patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are particularly vulnerable to nosocomial infections. Although a significant illness may necessitate admission to the PICU, infections can also emerge after admission. Nosocomial infection is a major public health issue related to increased morbidity, death, and healthcare costs. This study aimed to determine the pattern, frequency, and outcomes of nosocomial infections among children who were admitted to the PICU. Methodology This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric population aged from one month to 14 years old who acquired infections after 48 hours of admission to the PICU at East Jeddah General Hospital, Saudi Arabia from 2021 to 2022. The data were collected from medical and laboratory records. Results A total of 51 patients developed 145 nosocomial infections. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) were the most commonly reported type of nosocomial infections (28.3%). The majority of the isolated organisms (58.7%) were gram-negative, followed by fungal infections (35.1%) and gram-positive organisms (6.2%). The death rate for patients with nosocomial infections was 29.4%. Increased death rates among individuals with CLABSIs and gram-negative isolates were observed to be significantly correlated (p = 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that regular surveillance systems were necessary to assess the relationship between these well-known risk variables with PICU, implying that preventing these infections through particular treatments could be cost-effective and contribute to the safety of healthcare systems.